Crop yield and soil carbon responses to tillage method changes in North China

Tian, Shenzhong; Ning, Tangyuan; Wang, Yu; Liu, Zhen; Li, Geng; Li, Zengjia; Lal, Rattan

doi:10.1016/j.still.2016.06.005

Cited by 79 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Protection of organic C by the soil matrix is a primary mechanism for SOC stability (41). Conversion to deep tillage (a depth of 30 cm) after long-term shallow tillage (upper 10-12 cm; i.e., rotary tillage or harrow tillage) has been reported to improve soil carbon sequestration and crop yield in North China (42). While in the warm and humid South China, decomposition is fast and the shallow plow pan inhibits root penetration.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although residue incorporation by tillage may cause disturbance, soils in these regions contain high contents of iron and aluminum oxides and mineral clays, particularly in Oxisols, that can protect organic C from decomposition (43)(44)(45). Therefore, rational tillage rotation with deep tillage after long-term shallow tillage (i.e., tilling to a depth of 30 cm once every 2-3 y) has been shown to be an effective practice to facilitate C sequestration across China (42,46,47). However, the extremely low amount of arable land (only about 0.1 ha per capita) and the small size of farms in China generate very limited net profits for each farm.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Economics- and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

370

155

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China's croplands have experienced drastic changes in management practices, such as fertilization, tillage, and residue treatments, since the 1980s. There is an ongoing debate about the impact of these changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its implications. Here we report results from an extensive study that provided direct evidence of cropland SOC sequestration in China. Based on the soil sampling locations recorded by the Second National Soil Survey of China in 1980, we collected 4,060 soil samples in 2011 from 58 counties that represent the typical cropping systems across China. Our results showed that across the country, the average SOC stock in the topsoil (0-20 cm) increased from 28.6 Mg C ha in 1980 to 32.9 Mg C ha in 2011, representing a net increase of 140 kg C ha year However, the SOC change differed among the major agricultural regions: SOC increased in all major agronomic regions except in Northeast China. The SOC sequestration was largely attributed to increased organic inputs driven by economics and policy: while higher root biomass resulting from enhanced crop productivity by chemical fertilizers predominated before 2000, higher residue inputs following the large-scale implementation of crop straw/stover return policy took over thereafter. The SOC change was negatively related to N inputs in East China, suggesting that the excessive N inputs, plus the shallowness of plow layers, may constrain the future C sequestration in Chinese croplands. Our results indicate that cropland SOC sequestration can be achieved through effectively manipulating economic and policy incentives to farmers.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Economics- and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

370

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the main soil fertility indexes [20]. Different organic and inorganic fertilization enhances the soil C inputs and influences soil carbon sequestration rate [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution of Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer with Green Manure (GM) Increased Yield Stability by Improving C Input and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Rice Based Cropping System

et al. 2019

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A long-term field experiment was carried out (since 2008) for evaluating the effects of different substitution rates of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer by green manure (GM) on yield stability and N balance under double rice cropping system. Treatments included, (1) N0 (no N fertilizer and no green manure); (2) N100 (recommended rate of N fertilizer and no green manure); (3) N100-M (recommended rate of N fertilizer and green manure); (4) N80-M (80% of recommended N fertilizer and green manure); (5) N60-M (60% of recommended N fertilizer and green manure); and (6) M (green manure without N fertilization). Results showed that, among all treatments, annual crop yield under N80-M treatment was highest. Crop yield did not show significant differences between N100-M and N80-M treatments. Substitution of different N fertilizer rates by GM reduced the yield variability index. Compared to the N0 treatment, yield variability index of early rice under N100-M, N80-M, and N60-M treatments was decreased by 11%, 26%, and 36%, respectively. Compared to the N0 treatment, yield variability index of late rice was decreased by 12%, 38%, 49%, 47%, and 24% under the N100, N100-M, N80-M, N60-M, and M treatments, respectively. During period of 2009–2013 and 2014–2018, nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) was highest under N80-M treatment and N balance was highest under N100 treatment. NRE of all treatments with GM was increased over the time from 2009–2013 to 2014–2018. All treatments with GM showed increasing trend of SOC over the years. Substitution of N fertilizer by GM also increased C inputs and soil C:N ratio compared to the N100 and N0 treatments. Boosted regression model indicated that C input, N uptake and AN were most influencing factors of crop yield. Thus, we concluded that N fertilization rates should be reduced by 20% under GM rotation to attain high yield stability of double rice cropping system through increasing NRE and C inputs.

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“…However, applying organic matter has side effects; although it may increase carbon content in the soil, the application of organic matter also increases greenhouse gas emissions (Duxbury, 1995;Jastrow et al, 2007;Lee, Yoon, et al, 2013). Another carbon sequestration method being studied involves no tillage; carbon emission from tillaging is reduced and atmospheric carbon is sequestered, thereby minimizing soil disturbance and reducing Rs (Curtin et al, 2000;Luo et al, 2010;Lee, Yoon, et al, 2013;Tian et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of carbonized crop residue on soil carbon storage in red pepper field

et al. 2017

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Background: Because of climate change, interest in the development of carbon pools has increased. In agricultural ecosystems, which can be more intensively managed than forests, measures to control carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission and absorption levels can be applied relatively easily. However, crop residues may be released into the atmosphere by decomposition or combustion. If we can develop scientific management techniques that enable these residues to be stocked on farmland, then it would be possible to convert farmlands from carbon emission sources to carbon pools. We analyzed and investigated soil respiration (Rs) rate characteristics according to input of carbonized residue of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), a widely grown crop in Korea, as a technique for increasing farmland carbon stock. Results: Rs rate in the carbonized biomass (CB) section was 226.7 mg CO 2 m − 2 h

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Crop yield and soil carbon responses to tillage method changes in North China

Cited by 79 publications

References 37 publications

Economics- and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands

Economics- and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands

Substitution of Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer with Green Manure (GM) Increased Yield Stability by Improving C Input and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Rice Based Cropping System

Influence of carbonized crop residue on soil carbon storage in red pepper field

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