Substitution of Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer with Green Manure (GM) Increased Yield Stability by Improving C Input and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Rice Based Cropping System

Qaswar, Muhammad; Huang, Jing; Ahmed, Waqas; Liu, Shujun; Li, Dongchu; Zhang, Lu; Liu, Lisheng; Xu, Yanhong; Han, Tianfu; Du, Jikun; Gao, Jieying; Zhang, Huimin

doi:10.3390/agronomy9100609

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…There is a wide range of legume crops that have a superior capacity to fix atmospheric N, and therefore can be used for green manuring under aerobic rice systems ( Qaswar et al, 2019 ). Annual N accumulation by legume crops ranges between 20 kg ha –1 and 300 kg ha –1 ( Thind et al, 2012 ; Ali et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Toward Better N Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in nitrogen cycle and eco-efficient nitrogen management strategies in aerobic rice system

Farooq

Wang

Uzair³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a staple food for more than half of the global population, and sustaining productivity under a scarcity of resources is challenging to meet the future food demands of the inflating global population. The aerobic rice system can be considered as a transformational replacement for traditional rice, but the widespread adaptation of this innovative approach has been challenged due to higher losses of nitrogen (N) and reduced N-use efficiency (NUE). For normal growth and developmental processes in crop plants, N is required in higher amounts. N is a mineral nutrient and an important constituent of amino acids, nucleic acids, and many photosynthetic metabolites, and hence is essential for normal plant growth and metabolism. Excessive application of N fertilizers improves aerobic rice growth and yield, but compromises economic and environmental sustainability. Irregular and uncontrolled use of N fertilizers have elevated several environmental issues linked to higher N losses in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and nitrate (NO3–), thereby threatening environmental sustainability due to higher warming potential, ozone depletion capacities, and abilities to eutrophicate the water resources. Hence, enhancing NUE in aerobic rice has become an urgent need for the development of a sustainable production system. This article was designed to investigate the major challenge of low NUE and evaluate recent advances in pathways of the N cycle under the aerobic rice system, and thereby suggest the agronomic management approaches to improve NUE. The major objective of this review is about optimizing the application of N inputs while sustaining rice productivity and ensuring environmental safety. This review elaborates that different soil conditions significantly shift the N dynamics via changes in major pathways of the N cycle and comprehensively reviews the facts why N losses are high under the aerobic rice system, which factors hinder in attaining high NUE, and how it can become an eco-efficient production system through agronomic managements. Moreover, it explores the interactive mechanisms of how proper management of N cycle pathways can be accomplished via optimized N fertilizer amendments. Meanwhile, this study suggests several agricultural and agronomic approaches, such as site-specific N management, integrated nutrient management (INM), and incorporation of N fertilizers with enhanced use efficiency that may interactively improve the NUE and thereby plant N uptake in the aerobic rice system. Additionally, resource conservation practices, such as plant residue management, green manuring, improved genetic breeding, and precision farming, are essential to enhance NUE. Deep insights into the recent advances in the pathways of the N cycle under the aerobic rice system necessarily suggest the incorporation of the suggested agronomic adjustments to reduce N losses and enhance NUE while sustaining rice productivity and environmental safety. Future research on N dynamics is encouraged under the aerobic rice system focusing on the interactive evaluation of shifts among activities and diversity in microbial communities, NUE, and plant demands while applying N management measures, which is necessary for its widespread adaptation in face of the projected climate change and scarcity of resources.

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Section: Toward Better N Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in nitrogen cycle and eco-efficient nitrogen management strategies in aerobic rice system

Farooq

Wang

Uzair³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Stubbles also have the ability to incorporate nitrogen into soil, which is one of the main elements for synthesizing proteins. Rice yield is achieved with the contribution of nitrogen from stubble and reduce the cost of chemical fertilizers [26]. The combination of stubble with chemical fertilizers such as urea significantly increases wheat yields and minerals such as nitrogen and organic carbon [27].…”

Section: Crop Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of stubble in agricultural production: A review

Barrera-Guzmán

Cadena-Íñiguez²,

Ramírez-OjedaGabriela³

2022

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Objective: To elucidate the benefits that agricultural residues or stubble have in agricultural activities, through a bibliographic and objective review that could help to make the actors of agricultural sector aware of the benefits and their correct implementation in production systems. Design/methodology/approach: A detailed review of scientific articles from the main academic databases and repositories was performed. We took into account aspects such as the use of stubble as plant cover; effects and changes in physical and chemical structure of soil; crop yield and use for livestock feeding. Results: The use of stubble has beneficial effects on agricultural activities. In agriculture, they have positive effects for the proliferation of beneficial organisms and assimilation of nutrients, which are easily absorbed by plants. Consequently, crop yield is maximized both in quantity and quality terms. In livestock sector, the stubble implement provides nutrients such as proteins, ashes and vitamins, which together with conventional diets, reduce production costs and improve meat and milk production. Limitations on study/implications: The repertoire of scientific articles related to stubble is very broad, making it difficult to assimilate the information. In Mexico, particularly, more research is needed to inform farmers of the possible uses of stubble. Findings/conclusions: The use of stubble in agricultural activities generates benefits at ecological and economic levels, which ensure the sustainability and resilience of agroecosystems. Nutritional content of stubble is a function of the species and/or varieties of agricultural species. The lack of knowledge in the management of stubble leads to these being incinerated, releasing particles and toxic and polluting substances for the environment, further favoring the conditions for greenhouse effect.

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“…To achieve better yield and quality, rice growers have applied large amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in different seasons of rice production. Excessive application of N fertilizer not only increased the probability of lodging and reduces the yield and quality of rice, but also leads to potential environmental risks [3,4]. At present, few studies have reported on N fertilizer incorporation technology for rice planting several times a year in South China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nitrogen Forms and Application Rates on Nitrogen Uptake, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Double-Cropping Rice in South China

Cui

Shen

2021

Agronomy

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Nitrogen is an important element that affects the growth and yield of rice obviously. To explore the effects of nitrogen (N) on the growth of double-cropping rice, four consecutive trials were conducted in South China Agricultural University. Four N forms and five N application rates were set up. Rice N uptake, leaf anatomic structure, leaf fluorescence parameters and yield were studied. The results showed that rice leaf SPAD value and N content with urea treatment were the highest among 4 N forms at the heading and flowering stage. The order of rice yield and N use efficiency treated with different N forms were urea > ammonium sulfate > ammonium nitrate > sodium nitrate. The N application rate test showed that photochemical quantum efficiency and chemical quenching coefficient of rice leaves showed an inverted-V-type changing tendency with the highest value at 180 kg/hm2 N treatment. Treatment with less than 180 kg/hm2 N decreased the area and perimeter of small vascular bundles of the lateral leaves. Yield of early rice and later rice with 180 kg/hm2 urea treatment was 17.42 to 33.28% and 6.17 to 21.28% higher than those of other N levels, respectively. The above results suggested that 180 kg/hm2 of urea N are suitable and recommended for double-cropping rice planting in South China.

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Substitution of Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer with Green Manure (GM) Increased Yield Stability by Improving C Input and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Rice Based Cropping System

Cited by 29 publications

References 72 publications

Recent trends in nitrogen cycle and eco-efficient nitrogen management strategies in aerobic rice system

Recent trends in nitrogen cycle and eco-efficient nitrogen management strategies in aerobic rice system

Implementation of stubble in agricultural production: A review

Effects of Nitrogen Forms and Application Rates on Nitrogen Uptake, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Double-Cropping Rice in South China

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