Crop Residues, Nitrogen, and Plant Disease

Huber, D. M.; Watson, R. D.; Steiner, G.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196511000-00003

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Our results differ from those of Weinke (18), Huber et al (9) and Maurer and Baker (12), who found that nitrate-N decreased Fusarium root rot severity compared to ammoniumnitrogen. However, in those studies ammonium concn were not specified and it could have been supplied at levels which were toxic to the plants, with the results being a supposed increase of root rot severity.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

New Sources of Fusarium Root Rot Resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1

Boomstra

Bliss

Beebe

1977

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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A procedure using nutrient culture media was developed to screen bean seedlings on an individual plant basis for reaction to Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr. f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. & Hans. From over 800 accessions, 18 plant introductions and several cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris were found to be either resistant or tolerant. Susceptible plants, grown with ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source (210 ppm N) showed reduced symptoms compared to plants grown on nitrate-N only. Ammonium as the sole nitrogen source was toxic to bean seedlings at identical nitrogen concentrations. Results based on the nutrient culture technique were generally consistent with field reactions.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

New Sources of Fusarium Root Rot Resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1

Boomstra

Bliss

Beebe

1977

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…1, inset). The negative influence of nitrapyrin treatment on the capacity of RSM to provide control of R. solani root infection is consistent with observations in some other cropping systems (Huber et al 1965). Although this may suggest some role for NO emissions in the observed disease control, the duration and potential mechanisms of action, including the loss of putative plant defense-inducing NO, requires further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The vast preponderance of NO produced in RSM-amended soil is derived not from NO synthase activity but from the activity of nitrifying bacteria that oxidize the ammonium released from incorporated RSM . A positive correlation between the capacity of an organic amendment to stimulate nitrification and to suppress disease was noted long ago by Huber et al (1965). We have hypothesized that the influence of NO on plant defenses might provide an explanation for the influence of nitrification activity on plant susceptibility to disease (Cohen et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Resident bacteria, nitric oxide emission and particle size modulate the effect of Brassica napus seed meal on disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp

Cohen

Mazzola

2006

Plant Soil

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Amendment of orchard soil with lowglucosinolate Brassica napus (rape) seed meal (RSM) suppresses infection of apple roots by Rhizoctonia solani but increases incidence of Pythium spp. infection. Following incorporation of Brassica sp. seed meals, soils were monitored for changes in populations of selected saprophytic and plant pathogenic microorganisms. When conducted in pasteurized soil, which possessed high numbers of Bacillus spp. and lower than detectable numbers of Streptomyces spp., RSM amendment did not provide control of R. solani. Populations of streptomycetes in RSM-amended soil increased to stable levels >20-fold higher than in non-amended soil. Disease suppressiveness was restored to pasteurized RSM-amended soil by adding any of several Streptomyces strains. Maximal rates of nitrification in orchard soil, determined by nitric oxide emission, were observed within two weeks following RSM amendment and inhibition of nitrification via application of nitrapyrin abolished the capacity of RSM to suppress R. solani infection of apple roots when seedlings were planted one day after soil amendment. Apple seedling mortality and Pythium spp. root infection were highest for seedlings planted immediately following incorporation of B. napus cv. Athena RSM, particularly when meal was added in a flake rather than powder form. Lower infection frequencies were observed for seedlings planted four weeks after RSM incorporation, even for soil in which densities of culturable Pythium spp. had not declined. Our results demonstrate that suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot in response to RSM amendment requires the activity of the resident soil microbiota and that initial disease control is associated with the generation of nitric oxide through the process of nitrification.Resident bacteria, nitric oxide emission and particle size modulate the effect of Brassica napus seed meal on disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp

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“…A incidência de plantas com PRR é menor quando o N é empregado na forma nítrica (Davey & Papavizas, 1960;Papavizas, 1963). A adubação nitrogenada nítrica também reduziu de maneira significativa a severidade da PRR em plântulas de soja e em hastes de batateira (Castano & Kernkamp, 1956;Huber et al, 1965). A aplicação de sulfato de amônio e de monofosfato de cálcio aumentaram o número de plantas de feijoeiro com sintomas de PRR (Walia et al, 1992).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Severidade da podridão-radicular de Rhizoctonia do feijoeiro influenciada pela calagem, e pelas fontes e doses de nitrogênio

Rodrigues

Carvalho

Vale

2002

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Avaliou-se o efeito da calagem e de doses e fontes de N na severidade da podridão-radicular de Rhizoctonia (PRR) em feijoeiro em condições controladas. No primeiro ensaio, utilizaram-se as doses de 0, 1,75, 2,25, 2,75, 3,25 e 3,75 g de calcário dolomítico por quilograma de solo. No segundo ensaio, os tratamentos constituíram um fatorial 2x6, ou seja: duas fontes de N (sulfato de amônio e nitrato de sódio) e seis doses de N (0, 11, 16, 21, 26 e 31 mg kg-1 de solo). A acidez do material de solo usado no segundo ensaio foi corrigida com 1,75 g de calcário por quilograma de solo. Foram colocados 16 g de grãos de arroz infestados por R. solani em cada vaso com 1 kg de material de solo. Utilizou-se, em ambos os ensaios, o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. A severidade da PRR foi avaliada 25 dias após a emergência das plantas, atribuindo-se nota para cada planta de acordo com o tamanho das lesões formadas no hipocótilo. Os dados obtidos foram usados para calcular o índice de doença (ID, %). Foram obtidas equações lineares significativas que permitiram descrever as relações entre a calagem e fontes de N com a severidade da PRR. Houve um acréscimo de 32% no ID, em virtude das doses crescentes de calcário. Após a calagem, a aplicação de sulfato de amônio reduziu em 22% o ID, enquanto o nitrato de sódio o aumentou em 18%, com relação ao controle.

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Crop Residues, Nitrogen, and Plant Disease

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

New Sources of Fusarium Root Rot Resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1

New Sources of Fusarium Root Rot Resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1

Resident bacteria, nitric oxide emission and particle size modulate the effect of Brassica napus seed meal on disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp

Severidade da podridão-radicular de Rhizoctonia do feijoeiro influenciada pela calagem, e pelas fontes e doses de nitrogênio

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