Crop residue management in arable cropping systems under temperate climate. Part 1: Soil biological and chemical (phosphorus and nitrogen) properties. A review

Abstract

Introduction. Interacting soil organisms support biological processes that participate in soil functions, organic matter decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Earthworms and microorganisms play a range of beneficial roles in agricultural systems, including increased organic matter mineralization, nutrient cycling, and soil structure stabilization. Literature. The following aspects of crop residue management effects are examined in this paper: (i) earthworm composition and structure; (ii) soil microbial communities; and (iii) phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) element availability and distribution in the soil profile. Conventional tillage (ploughing) is often reported to generate decreased soil organism abundance and diversity, primarily earthworms and microorganisms, as well as a uniform distribution of the nutrients P and N within the ploughed soil horizon. Soil residue incorporation of mineral particles can maintain P and N levels, however returning soil also increases aeration and the activation of microbial activity. Hence, comparisons of tillage effects on soil biological functioning and nutrient cycling remain unclear. Conclusions. This review highlights the challenges in establishing definitive evidence regarding the effects of crop residue management on soil organisms and nutrient dynamics. The studies examined reported variability in soil and climate, and the complexity of soil processes contributed to the absence of clear findings. Further research is required under temperate climate conditions.

Potential to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by use of perennial mobile green manures

“…Use of the PMGMs as dried leaf material and addition by mulching instead of incorporation would increase ease of application and give greater flexibility in timing of additions. Mulching would also enable PMGM use in no or low-till agriculture, which can be beneficial for soil functioning (Roger-Estrade et al 2010;Lemtiri et al 2016) and increase C sequestration (Lal 2004;Chen et al 2020;Cooper et al 2021). Plant matter has been found to decompose faster when incorporated than when mulched (Coppens et al 2007;Hoyle and Murphy 2011;Chen et al 2014), which affects N availability and risk of N loss as NO 3 − and N 2 O (Coppens et al 2006;Shan and Yan 2013;Nett et al 2015).…”

Biological and Agrochemical Properties of the Meadow-Chernozem Soil of Omsk Irtysh Region and Fodder Crop Productivity as Influenced by Mineral Fertilizers

“…Остатки представляют собой комплексный питательный и энергетический субстрат для большинства микроорганизмов, основной источник растворимых низкомолекулярных органических веществ. Элементы минерального питания, поступающие в почву с удобрениями, в частности азотные, особенно важны для активной жизнедеятельности микроорганизмов и разложения органического вещества (45)(46)(47).…”