Crop residue management and fertilization effects on soil organic matter and associated biological properties

Abstract

Xiying, "Crop residue management and fertilization effects on soil organic matter and associated biological properties" (2016 Abstract Returning crop residue may result in nutrient reduction in soil in the first few years. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess whether this negative effect is alleviated by improved crop residue management (CRM). Nine treatments (3 CRM and 3 N fertilizer rates) were used. The CRM treatments were (1) R0: 100 % of the N using mineral fertilizer with no crop residues return; (2) R: crop residue plus mineral fertilizer as for the R0; and (3) Rc: crop residue plus 83 % of the N using mineral and 17 % manure fertilizer. Each CRM received N fertilizer rates at 270, 360, and 450 kg N ha −1 year −1 . At the end of the experiment, soil NO 3 -N was reduced by 33 % from the R relative to the R0 treatment, while the Rc treatment resulted in a 21 to 44 % increase in occluded particulate organic C and N, and 80°C extracted dissolved organic N, 19 to 32 % increase in microbial biomass C and protease activity, and higher monounsaturated phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA):saturated PLFA ratio from stimulating growth of indigenous bacteria when compared with the R treatment. Principal component analysis showed that the Biolog and PLFA profiles in the three CRM treatments were different from each other. Overall, these properties were not influenced by the used N fertilizer rates. Our results indicated that application of 17 % of the total N using manure in a field with crop residues return was effective for improving potential plant N availability and labile soil organic matter, primarily due to a shift in the dominant microorganisms.

Crop residues exacerbate the negative effects of extreme flooding on soil quality

“…Although not observed in many previous studies involving crop residues, the presence of maize stover increased the size of the microbial biomass and also induced a shift in community composition (Hoyle and Murphy 2006;Sall et al 2015;Zhao et al 2016). We ascribe this growth to the high relative abundance of N and P and the removal of C limitation within the system (Cayuela et al 2009).…”

Influence of Straw Amendment on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Crop Yield on a Consecutive Mollisol Slope in Northeastern China

“…Generally, crop residues with lower C:N ratios and relatively high SM levels (95% field capacity) can increase the numbers and the total dry weight of earth worms, thereby improving soil properties and fertility [36]. Furthermore, SA not only increases soil total C and N contents but also increases microbial biomass C and N contents and reduces N fertilizer use, especially when combined with manure [37,38]. However, excessive straw amendment, especially using straw with a high C:N ratio, could exhaust soil nitrogen pools [35].…”

Structural characteristics, analytical techniques and interactions with organic contaminants of dissolved organic matter derived from crop straw: a critical review

“…24 Due to the restitution of crop residues and the application of organic fertilizer during the cultivation process, the exogenous CDOM can augment its concentrations in agricultural soil. [106][107][108] SOM content and composition affect both soil structure and adsorption properties; so, water retention may be affected by changes in soil organic matter. 107 Thus, CDOM is widespread in natural environments where it has an important role in determining the balance and long-term accumulation of element content (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) in soil.…”

“…[106][107][108] SOM content and composition affect both soil structure and adsorption properties; so, water retention may be affected by changes in soil organic matter. 107 Thus, CDOM is widespread in natural environments where it has an important role in determining the balance and long-term accumulation of element content (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) in soil. 109 Incorporation of organic matter had been put into practice as soil amendment in protect the soil from solar energy to reduce evaporation and aid in moisture retention to decrease soil water loss.…”