Crop Development

Slafer, Gustavo A.; Kantolic, Adriana G.; Appendino, M. L.; Miralles, Daniel J.; Savin, Roxana

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374431-9.00012-8

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…3A,B) in Indian wheat varieties have linearly increased over the years significantly. This is in contrast to earlier reports that the yield gain in the Mediterranean environment has been due to earlier heading and other studies showing no chronological trend (Slafer et al, 2009). Analysis of these varieties for physiological traits like chlorophyll content (Gupta et al, 2017) shows no change or chronological trend and higher capturing of radiation due to increased duration rather than improved radiation use efficiency (Shearman et al, 2005;Sadras and Lawson, 2011) is the major reason for the increased biomass and yield gain.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Genetic Gain in Yield and Associated Changes in Agronomic Traits in Wheat Cultivars Developed Between 1900 and 2016 for Irrigated Ecosystems of Northwestern Plain Zone of India

et al. 2021

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Knowledge about the yield gain over the years due to associated changes in the yield component traits is essential for a critical understanding of yield-limiting factors. To estimate genetic gain in grain yield (GY) and component agronomic traits of wheat varieties released between 1900 and 2016 for northwestern plain zone (NWPZ) of India and to identify agronomic and/or genetic basis of the realized gains, two sets of wheat varieties comprising mega varieties and two recently developed varieties were evaluated under timely sown, tilled, and early sown conservation agriculture (CA) conditions for four consecutive years under irrigated conditions. The average annual genetic gain in GY since 1,905 under timely sown irrigated conditions was found to be 0.544% yr−1 over the average of all varieties and 0.822% yr−1 (24.27 kg ha−1 yr−1) over the first released variety, NP4. The realized mean yield increased from 2,950 kg ha−1 of the variety NP4 released in 1,905–5,649 kg ha−1 of HD3086 released in 2014. Regression analysis revealed a linear reduction in height and peduncle length (PL) over the years with a simultaneous and linear increase in biomass at the rate of 43.9 kg ha−1 yr−1 or relatively at 0.368% yr−1 mainly because of delayed heading and increased crop duration. Regression analysis showed no linear trend for tiller number and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Though harvest index (HI) was found to linearly increase relatively at the rate of 0.198% per annum, polynomial regression improved the fitness of data with the indication of no increase in HI since 1982. Interestingly, genetic gain evaluation under early sown CA conditions for 4 years showed similar relative gain (RG) [a relative improvement in varieties across breeding periods (BP)] (0.544% yr−1) but with a higher absolute value (29.28 kg ha−1 yr−1). Major mega varieties like Kalyan Sona, HD2009, PBW 343, HD2967, and HD3086, which occupied a comparatively larger area, were found highly plastic to the improvements in the production environment under timely sown conditions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Genetic Gain in Yield and Associated Changes in Agronomic Traits in Wheat Cultivars Developed Between 1900 and 2016 for Irrigated Ecosystems of Northwestern Plain Zone of India

et al. 2021

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“…Also, where comparable data were presented in the literature (Willey & Holliday 1971; Grashoff & dAntuono 1997), mean harvest ear number/m 2 values for control treatments (~600–800) were lower than the present study mean of 961. The tillering pattern of barley can result in a maximum shoot number around the beginning of stem extension (GS31) followed by death during stem extension then stabilization from anthesis through to harvest (Gallagher et al 1975; del Moral et al 1984; Slafer et al 2009). While early season shoot number maxima followed by periods of shoot mortality were identified at all site/seasons, the maxima occurred at or around GS31 at only six site/seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final number of fertile ears is usually determined slightly before anthesis (Gallagher et al 1975; Slafer et al 2009). The pattern of tillering generally reported in the literature involves a rapid increase following the emergence of the third leaf on the main stem, reaching a maximum around the beginning of stem extension as the crop moves into the floral initiation stage of development (del Moral et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pattern of tillering generally reported in the literature involves a rapid increase following the emergence of the third leaf on the main stem, reaching a maximum around the beginning of stem extension as the crop moves into the floral initiation stage of development (del Moral et al 1984). This is followed by a period of tiller death, which largely occurs during the period from the start of stem extension until anthesis (del Moral et al 1984; Gallagher et al 1975) and beyond which shoot number remains stable until harvest (del Moral et al 1984; Gallagher et al 1975; Slafer et al 2009). A flush of late tillering is possible, for example in response to a rainfall event following a period of drought (Jamieson et al 1995), but the contribution of these late tillers to yield is usually thought to be negligible (Kirby 1967; Thorne & Wood 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of spring barley yield in a high-yield potential environment

2016

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SUMMARYThe literature suggests that grain number largely determines and as such limits yield in barley. Many of the reported studies were conducted in relatively low-yielding environments and it is unclear if grain number is also a limiting factor in high-yield potential climates. Nor is it known with certainty what physiological or morphological traits must be targeted in order to increase grain number. A detailed programme of assessments was carried out on replicated field plots of a two-row spring barley variety (Hordeum vulgare L. cvar Quench) at three sites (Carlow, Wexford and Cork) in Ireland from 2011 to 2013. Plots were managed for high yield potential as per current best farm practice. Destructive sampling and in-field assessments were carried out at approximately weekly intervals from emergence onwards to gather growth, development and yield component data. Across nine site/seasons, grand means of 8·52 t/ha for yield, 18 419 for grain number/m2 and 46·41 mg for mean grain weight were achieved. Grain number/m2 accounted for most of the variation in yield and ear number/m2 accounted for most of the variation in grain number/m2. Early-season maximum shoot number/m2 had little influence on harvest ear number/m2. The period over which final ear number was determined was more flexible than the literature suggests, where the phases of tiller production and senescence varied considerably. Significant post-anthesis re-tillering occurred following the initial phase of shoot mortality at two out of nine site/seasons, but this appeared to contribute little to yield. Yield was positively associated with the proportion of shoots surviving from an early season maximum to a mid-season minimum (R2 = 0·62). Shoot size and weight at the beginning of stem extension had the largest influence on shoot survival, indicating that crop condition and hence growth and development pre-stem extension may be more important for shoot survival than growth and development during the stem extension period. Achieving high shoot numbers of adequate size and weight at the beginning of stem extension may be an appropriate target for establishing a high-yield potential crop.

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“…Timings of wheat developmental stages such as the onset of reproductive development, meiosis, anthesis and grain filling are adaptive traits (Slafer et al . 2009). Genetic control of vernalization requirement with Vrn alleles, earliness per se ( eps ) and photoperiod sensitivity ( Ppd ) (Reynolds et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiod sensitivity affects flowering duration in wheat

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYFlowering and successful pollination in wheat are key determinants of both quantity and quality of grain. Bread wheat line 'Paragon', introgressed with single or multiple daylength insensitivity alleles was used to dissect the effects on the timing and duration of flowering within a hierarchical plant architecture. Flowering of wheat plants was observed in a series of pot-based and field experiments. Ppd-D1a was the most potent known allele affecting the timing of flowering, requiring the least thermal time to flowering across all experiments. The duration of flowering for individual lines was dominated by the shift in the start of flowering in later tillers and the number of tillers per plant, rather than variation in flowering duration of individual spikes. There was a strong relationship between flowering duration and the start of flowering with the earliest lines flowering for the longest. The greatest flowering overlap between tillers was recorded for the Ppd-1b. Across all lines, a warmer environment significantly reduced the duration of flowering and the influence of Ppd-1a alleles on the start of flowering. These findings provide evidence of pleiotropic effects of the Ppd-1a alleles, and have direct implications for breeding for increased stress resilient wheat varieties.

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Crop Development

Cited by 34 publications

References 264 publications

Genetic Gain in Yield and Associated Changes in Agronomic Traits in Wheat Cultivars Developed Between 1900 and 2016 for Irrigated Ecosystems of Northwestern Plain Zone of India

Genetic Gain in Yield and Associated Changes in Agronomic Traits in Wheat Cultivars Developed Between 1900 and 2016 for Irrigated Ecosystems of Northwestern Plain Zone of India

Determinants of spring barley yield in a high-yield potential environment

Photoperiod sensitivity affects flowering duration in wheat

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