Criticalities and Potentialities of Local Renewable Sources of Energy

Abstract

In this article, we will discuss about the potential of renewable energies available in a relatively small territorial context, such as municipalities, and the various problems interfering with a full exploitation of said potential. Since the launch of Covenant of Mayors, CoM, in 2008, thousands of local governments committed on volunteer basis in reaching or even exceeding, to the EU targets with regards to climate change and renewable energies for the years to come. Every local government committed to the CoM needs to produce the SEAP (Sustainable Energy Action Plan), which highlights the actions that the government is willing to implement in order to achieve the target set by the CoM (referred either to the 2020 or to the 2030). While studying the local context, many problems of various nature often arise which can be detrimental for the full exploitation of the potential of renewable resources available. This article displays a few examples of local governments located around the world and the problems encountered while writing their SEAP, related to geographical position, types of agricultural, industrial and commercial activities in the area, plants already operative, financial situation of the local government and the population living in the area. The possible areas of intervention include energy efficiency works on public and private buildings, traffic reduction strategies, energy recovery systems applied to factories and industrial plants, solar thermal, photovoltaic and wind power installations, material and energy recovery processes applied to waste management and hydroelectric power installations.

From Circular Economy to Circular Ecology: A Review on the Solution of Environmental Problems through Circular Waste Management Approaches

“…A conventional wet AD process and a modified up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor are compared for application to a small municipality participating in the Covenant of Mayors initiative [98]. The wet process allows for higher biogas production but implies higher soil occupation.…”

Local Actions for Reducing Global Greenhouse Gas Footprint: 10 Years of Covenant of Mayors Initiative

“…In the transitory path towards a globally sustainable policy, waste can represent a resource to be valued energetically, especially in those emerging countries where growth in terms of population and production is rapid and only rarely is accompanied by energy development planning [23][24][25][26][27], or considered into the local actions of the CoM initiative due to the economic costs. The focus of the work is to provide a statistical analysis of the first 10 years of the CoM initiative and its status of implementation in terms of baseline of GHG footprint and mitigation actions.…”