Critical roles of long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer is a major clinical challenge that affects a wide range of the female population and heavily burdens the health system. In the past few decades, attempts have been made to understand the etiology of breast cancer, possible environmental risk factors, and the genetic predispositions, pathogenesis, and molecular aberrations involved in the process. Studies have shown that breast cancer is a heterogeneous entity; each subtype has its specific set of aberrations in different cell signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt/β‐catenin, transforming growth factor‐β, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. One novel group of molecules that have been shown to be inducted in the regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways is the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). These molecules have important implications in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways by interacting with various genes, affecting the transcription process, and finally, playing roles in posttranslational control of these genes. There is growing evidence that lncRNAs are involved in the process of breast cancer formation by effecting the aforementioned signaling pathways, and that this involvement can have significant diagnostic and prognostic values in clinical contexts. The present review aims to elicit the significance of lncRNAs in the regulation of cell signaling pathways, and the resulting changes in cell survival, proliferation, and invasion, which are the hallmarks of breast cancer.

<p>LINC01224 Exhibits Cancer-Promoting Activity in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Through microRNA-485-5p-Mediated PAK4 Upregulation</p>

“…8 However, a substantial amount of evidence has revealed that they participate in regulating gene expression at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels by interacting with DNA, proteins, or other RNAs. [9][10][11] Abnormal expression of lncRNAs has been frequently observed in EOC, wherein they exhibit both tumor-suppressing or tumorinhibiting activities. 12,13 miRNAs are another group of noncoding RNAs with a length of 20-25 nucleotides.…”

MicroRNAs and Their Influence on the ZEB Family: Mechanistic Aspects and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer Therapy

“…Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) belong to a category of ncRNAs with regulatory effect on biological events [ 121 , 122 ]. They consist of at least 200 nucleotides and they are able to function as upstream mediators of miRs [ 111 ].…”

The bioinformatics analysis of quercetin in octagonal lotus for the screening of breast cancer MYC, CXCL10, CXCL11, and E2F1

“…More and more evidence shows that lncRNA participates in the formation of breast cancer by influencing Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and this kind of participation has important clinical diagnostic and prognostic value. 2 So far, significant progress has been made in the clinical and theoretical research of breast cancer. Current prevention methods include screening, chemoprevention, and biological prevention, which are more direct and effective than ever.…”

“…Therefore, more input is needed to study breast cancer’s pathogenesis and prevention. 1 - 6 Podophyllum was first published in “Shen Nong’s Materia Medica.” The octagonal genus lotus is a genus endemic to our country. It is the rhizome of hexagonal lotus and octagonal lotus in the Berberis family.…”

“…Therefore, more input is needed to study breast cancer's pathogenesis and prevention. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Podophyllum was first published in "Shen Nong's Materia Medica." The octagonal genus lotus is a genus endemic to our country.…”