Critical review of fluorescence and absorbance measurements as surrogates for the molecular weight and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter

Korak, Julie A.; McKay, Garrett

doi:10.1039/d4em00183d

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

2024

DOI: 10.1039/d4em00183d

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Critical review of fluorescence and absorbance measurements as surrogates for the molecular weight and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter

Julie A. Korak,

Garrett McKay

Abstract: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments and challenging to characterize due to its heterogeneity. Optical measurements (i.e., absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy) are popular characterization tools, because they...

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Preferential Partitioning of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Freshwater Ice

Sherman-Bertinetti,

Gruber,

Remucal

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Millions of lakes worldwide freeze, yet the fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in ice in freshwater systems is poorly understood. We quantified concentrations of 36 PFAS, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and inorganic ions in ice and water in seven freshwater lakes to investigate the preferential exclusion of ions during freezing. PFAS concentrations in ice are typically lower than in the water column, demonstrating that these chemicals are excluded from ice as it freezes. However, there is preferential partitioning of both PFAS and DOC relative to cations with average sodium-normalized enrichment factors (EF) ranging from 2.74 for perfluorobutanoate (PFBA; a C4 perfluorocarboxylic acid) to 4.01 for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; a C8 perfluorosulfonic acid), with a similar EF value of 4.14 for DOC. Laboratory experiments and seasonal measurements of PFAS in the water column indicate that PFAS concentrations in ice are a function of aqueous PFAS concentrations, with lower EF values observed in waters with higher PFAS concentrations. Understanding PFAS behavior in freshwater ice is important for predicting contaminant fate during winter and spring periods, with implications for exposure to PFAS during the winter and release of PFAS when ice melts in freshwater systems.

show abstract

Preferential Partitioning of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Freshwater Ice

Sherman-Bertinetti,

Gruber,

Remucal

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Critical review of fluorescence and absorbance measurements as surrogates for the molecular weight and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter

Abstract: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments and challenging to characterize due to its heterogeneity. Optical measurements (i.e., absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy) are popular characterization tools, because they...

Cited by 1 publication

References 275 publications

Preferential Partitioning of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Freshwater Ice

Preferential Partitioning of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Freshwater Ice

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