Critical Point Drying for Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Ciliary Motion

Horridge, George Adrian; Tamm, Sidney L.

doi:10.1126/science.163.3869.817

Cited by 215 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Em seguida, foram desidratadas pelo método do ponto crítico de CO 2 (Horridge & Tamm 1969) e montadas sobre suportes de alumínio e cobertas com uma camada de ouro de 30 a 40 nm. As observações foram feitas ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura modelo LEO VP 435, operado a 20 kV.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Smilax polyantha Griseb. (Smilacaceae)

Martins

Appezzato‐da‐Glória

2006

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Morphoanatomy of vegetative organs of Smilax polyantha Griseb. (Smilacaceae)). Smilax polyantha Griseb., known as salsaparrilha, is a medicinal plant, occurring in the "cerrado", in the Southeast region in Brazil. The objective of this study was to describe the morphoanatomy of the vegetative organs of Smilax polyantha and to verify whether the characters described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia allow to differentiate between salsaparrilha species. Samples of the vegetative organs were prepared following usual techniques using light and scanning electron microscopy. The leaf is hypostomatic and the stomata are paracytic. Mesophyll tends to dorsiventral, as the three parenchyma layers near the adaxial surface are constituted by sinuous cells. Petiole is canaliculated in the adaxial face, and striated in the abaxial face, indicating leaf twist. The stem branch was studied in the aerial and underground portion differing only by the thickening degree of vascular parenchyma cell walls. The rhizophore coat is made by cortical parenchyma; between the cortex and the vascular cylinder there is a secondary thickening meristem; the vascular cylinder has collateral bundles surrounded by parenchyma cells with thick secondary walls. The adventitious radicular system possesses white fresh roots, covered by epidermis, with large cortex, and rigid brown roots, covered by the sclerenchymatous cells of inner cortex, because the epidermis and outer cortex are eliminated along the development. The S. polyantha root analysis had shown that the parameters described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, which are based on the way the roots are tied in bundles, the diameter, and colour of the roots, are insufficient to differentiate the Smilax species.Key words -anatomy, leaf, root, salsaparrilha, underground stem RESUMO -(Morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Smilax polyantha Griseb. (Smilacaceae)). Smilax polyantha Griseb., conhecida como salsaparrilha, é uma espécie reconhecida como medicinal, encontrada em áreas de cerrado, especialmente na região Sudeste. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Smilax polyantha e verificar se os caracteres descritos na Farmacopéia Brasileira de fato permitem diferenciar esta das demais espécies denominadas salsaparrilha. Amostras dos órgãos vegetativos foram preparadas segundo técnicas usuais em microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. A folha é hipoestomática e os estômatos são paracíticos. O mesofilo tende a dorsiventral, pois o parênquima adaxial é constituído por células com sinuosidades pronunciadas. O pecíolo é canaliculado, sulcado na porção abaxial, indicando torção foliar. O ramo caulinar foi estudado na porção aérea e subterrânea diferindo apenas pelo espessamento da parede das células do parênquima vascular. O rizóforo é revestido pelo córtex; entre o córtex e o cilindro vascular há o meristema de espessamento secundário; o cilindro vascular é constituído de feixes colaterais cercados por células parenquimáticas com espessamento parieta...

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Section: Methodsunclassified

Morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Smilax polyantha Griseb. (Smilacaceae)

Martins

Appezzato‐da‐Glória

2006

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…Para as análises ultra-estruturais, amostras do rizoma de três indivíduos de cada tratamento foram fi xadas em solução de Karnovsky (Karnovsky 1965), desidratadas em série etílica, secas pelo método do ponto crítico de CO 2 (Horridge & Tamm 1969), montadas sobre suportes de alumínio e metalizadas com ouro coloidal por 210 segundos. As observações e as eletromicrografi as foram feitas ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura LEO modelo VP 435, operado a 20 kV, com as escalas diretamente impressas nas mesmas.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Aspectos fisiológicos, anatômicos e ultra-estruturais do rizoma de Costus arabicus L. (Costaceae) sob condições de déficit hídrico

Costa

Hayashi

Carvalho

et al. 2012

Hoehnea

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-(Physiological, anatomical and ultrastructural aspects of the rhizome of Costus arabicus L. (Costaceae) under water defi cit conditions). Costus arabicus L. is an herbaceous species, native to the forest that accumulates starch in the rhizome as the main reserve carbohydrate. Water stress is one the most important environmental factor that regulates plant growth and development, leading to changes in physiological, biochemical and anatomical traits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water defi cit on the anatomy, carbohydrate concentration and ultrastructure of starch grains of the rhizome of Costus arabicus L. through the following water regimes: plants irrigated daily and every seven (7d) and 15 days (15d). Anatomical and ultrastructural traits of the rhizome, relative water content in leaves (RWC), leaf water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential of the rhizome (Ψo), total soluble sugars (TSS), reducing sugars (RS) and starch of the rhizome were evaluated. We observed signifi cant reductions in Ψw and Ψs in 15d plants, but with small variations in the RWC. The anatomical analysis showed that the rhizome is covered by epidermis or stratifi ed cork and there is a delimitation between the cortical and vascular regions. We detected the presence of numerous starch grains and idioblasts with phenolic contents in the parenchyma of the two regions. Changes in the anatomy of the rhizomes were only observed in plants irrigated every 15 days, in which cells of covering tissue and the outer cortical layers became more fl attened and sinuous walls; however, no ultrastructural differences were observed on the starch grains. The water defi cit imposed was suffi cient to generate physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in plants of C. arabicus L. Such alterations suggest the occurence of an avoidance mechanism and that anatomical changes were dependent of the intensity and duration of water defi cit. Key words: drought, starch, water stress RESUMO -(Aspectos fi siológicos, anatômicos e ultra-estruturais do rizoma de Costus arabicus L. (Costaceae) sob condições de défi cit hídrico). Costus arabicus L. é uma espécie herbácea, nativa de mata, que acumula em seu rizoma amido como principal carboidrato de reserva. A seca é um dos fatores ambientais que pode regular o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas, levando a alterações nas características fi siológicas, bioquímicas e anatômicas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a infl uência do défi cit hídrico na anatomia, no conteúdo de carboidratos e na ultra-estrutura dos grãos de amido do rizoma de Costus arabicus L. submetidos aos ciclos de rega diário (Controle) e a cada sete (7d) e 15 dias (15d). Foram avaliados aspectos anatômicos e ultra-estruturais do rizoma, conteúdo relativo de água nas folhas (CRA), potencial hídrico foliar (Ψw), potencial osmótico do rizoma (Ψs), açúcares solúveis totais (AST) e redutores (AR) e amido do rizoma. Observaram-se reduções signifi cativas do Ψw e do Ψs nas plantas 15d, porém com pequenas variações no CRA. An...

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“…These materials were fixed for 30 minutes in 10% paraformaline solution, then dehydrated in acetone and finally embedded in epoxy resin (Epon-812). Some sections were etched with 0.1 N HC1 for 15-16 sec., dehydrated in ethyl alcohol and then dried by a critical point drying method (Horridge and Tamm, 1969). They were coated with a 1.5-nm gold-palladium layer and observed under a Hitachi X-560 scanning electron microscope (SEM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%