Critical Nitrate Levels for Growth of Italian Ryegrass<sup>1</sup>

Hylton, L. O.; Williams, David E.; Ultrich, A.; Cornelius, Donald R.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1964.0011183x000400010006x

Cited by 26 publications

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“…Here the yields for each treatment have been calculated as percentages of the maximum observed at each date of harvest for each location. The data from the two locations produce a curve similar to one obtained by Ulrich ( 12) for the nitrate content of sugar beet petioles and Hylton et al (8) for Italian ryegrass. It may readily be seen that when yields were only 40-70% of maximum about 0.15% N0 3 -was present and the plants were clearly deficient in nitrogen.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Dry Matter and Protein Yields and Nitrate Content of Piper Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization¹

Summer¹,

Martin²,

Etchegaray³

1965

Agronomy Journal

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Dry Matter and Protein Yields and Nitrate Content of Piper Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization¹

Summer¹,

Martin²,

Etchegaray³

1965

Agronomy Journal

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“…Similar critical concentrations have been found for Italian ryegrass {Lolium multiflorum Lam.) with yield responses to nitrogen occurring when nitrate concentrations in tissue of leaf blade 1 were below 1000 (jig g~^ DM (Hylton et al, 1964).…”

Section: Effects Of Individual Elements On Yield and Chemical Composimentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Leaf Concentrations for Deficiencies of Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sulphur, and Magnesium in Perennial Ryegrass

Smith

Cornforth

1985

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYCritical leaf concentrations for deficiency of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sulphur, and magnesium were estimated for perennial ryegrass {Lolium perenne L.) grown in sand culture. The values associated with a 10% reduction in dry matter yield were as follows (all results expressed as g kg~^ DM except for the nitrate-nitrogen value which appears as /ig g~^ DM): Kjeldahl-nitrogen 32; nitrate-nitrogen 500; potassium 28; phosphorus 21; sulphur 18; and magnesium 0-7. A major difference between the critical leaf concentrations estimated in this study and the tentative values published elsewhere was for potassium. Concentrations required in the shoot for near maximum growth were higher than previously reported. Differences in the nitrogen status of the plants probably account for this result. The depressing effect of potassium on the absorption of magnesium and calcium is discussed in relation to plant and animal nutrition. Sulphur was found to be inefficiently absorbed by phosphorus deficient plants despite non-limiting amounts of sulphur applied in the nutrient solution. A possible explanation for this effect may be linked to the observation that the transport of sulphate into the chloroplast was coupled with that of phosphate. The concentration of macroelements required in the nutrient solution to produce maximum shoot growth of perennial ryegrass was very much greater than that generally applied to plants grown in sand culture.

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“…High levels of N additions or above-optimum available N in the soil inhibit root and rhizome growth (Hylton et al 1964;Waddington 1974, 1975;Christians et al 1981;Le Bot et al 1994), allocating assimilates to aboveground shoot tissue (Le Bot et al 1994). Turfgrass had smaller root systems with 200 kg N ha -1 yr -1 compared to controls (Bocker and Opitz von Boberfeld 1974).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative and qualitative responses of an established Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf to N, P, and K additions

Badra¹,

Parent²,

Desjardins³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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N. 2005. Quantitative and qualitative responses of an established Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf to N, P, and K additions. Can. J. Plant . Kentucky bluegrass is a common turf species used on golf courses, sports fields, municipal parks, sod farms, road banks, as well as residential and school yards. Our objective was to determine the effects of N, P, K rates on turfgrass quantitative response (clipping yield and underground turf biomass) and qualitative response (shoot density and foliage colour) under a continuous clipping removal. A 3-yr field study was conducted on two sites, a sand that met the specifications of the United States Golf Association (USGA) and a loam. The factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates and different levels of three nutrients, N (0 or 50 to 300 kg ha -1 yr -1 ), P (0 or 21.8 to 87.3 kg P ha -1 yr -1 ), and K (0 or 41.7 to 250 kg K ha -1 yr -1 ). The maximum clipping yield was produced at the rate of 200 kg N ha -1 yr -1 in the loam and 300 kg N ha -1 yr -1 in the sand. Increasing N rates linearly reduced underground turf biomass. Added P and K had no effect on clipping yield and underground turf biomass. Nitrogen significantly improved shoot density and foliage colour. However, equivalent shoot density and colour ratings required 40 to 80 kg more N ha -1 yr -1 in the sand compared to the loam. Phosphorus and K had no significant effect on shoot density and colour in the loam. Colour response to P and K depended on N rates in the sand. Fertilizer units needed to increase soil test P averaged 6 kg added P ha -1 mg -1 P M-III kg -1 across soil types. To replenish soil K, 7 kg K ha -1 per mg K M-III kg -1 were required in the sand, and 3 kg K ha -1 per mg K M-III kg -1 in the loam. Phosphorus and K fertilizer programmes should account for P and K removals to maintain low to medium fertility levels for P, and medium for K when conditions are similar to those in this research. [193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204]. Le pâturin des prés est une espèce de gazon couramment utilisée dans les terrains de golf, les terrains sportifs, les parcs municipaux, les gazonnières, les bordures de route, et les aires résidentielles et scolaires. Notre objectif était d'évaluer les effets de la fertilisation en N, P et K sur le rendement de débris de tonte, la biomasse souterraine du gazon, la densité de tallage et la couleur du feuillage en cas de débris de tonte ramassés. Une étude sur trois années a été réalisée sur deux sites, l'un sableux conforme aux spécifications de la United States Golf Association et l'autre loameux. Le dispositif expérimental était en blocs complets aléatoires avec quatre répétitions et différents niveaux pour trois éléments fertilisants, soit N (0 ou 50 à 300 kg ha -1 an -1 ), P (0 ou 21.8 à 87.3 kg P ha -1 an -1 ), et K (0 ou 41.7 à 250 kg K ha -1 an -1 ). Le plus grand rendement de débris de tonte a été produit par la dose de 200 kg N ha -1 an -1 dans le loam et 300 kg N ha -1 an -1 dans le s...

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Critical Nitrate Levels for Growth of Italian Ryegrass¹

Abstract: * Weights are means of 5 replications-Measurement includes 35 blades, stems, total tops, or roots, or 15 tillers. f Letters In common within a plant part indicate no significant difference at the 5% level (4).

Cited by 26 publications

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Dry Matter and Protein Yields and Nitrate Content of Piper Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization¹

Dry Matter and Protein Yields and Nitrate Content of Piper Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization¹

Critical Leaf Concentrations for Deficiencies of Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sulphur, and Magnesium in Perennial Ryegrass

Quantitative and qualitative responses of an established Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf to N, P, and K additions

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Critical Nitrate Levels for Growth of Italian Ryegrass1

Abstract: * Weights are means of 5 replications-Measurement includes 35 blades, stems, total tops, or roots, or 15 tillers. f Letters In common within a plant part indicate no significant difference at the 5% level (4).

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Dry Matter and Protein Yields and Nitrate Content of Piper Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization1

Dry Matter and Protein Yields and Nitrate Content of Piper Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization1

Critical Leaf Concentrations for Deficiencies of Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sulphur, and Magnesium in Perennial Ryegrass

Quantitative and qualitative responses of an established Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf to N, P, and K additions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Critical Nitrate Levels for Growth of Italian Ryegrass¹

Dry Matter and Protein Yields and Nitrate Content of Piper Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization¹

Dry Matter and Protein Yields and Nitrate Content of Piper Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization¹