Critical length scale controls adhesive wear mechanisms

Aghababaei, Ramin; Warner, D.H.; Molinari, Jean‐François

doi:10.1038/ncomms11816

Cited by 212 publications

(236 citation statements)

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“…Accordingly, the configuration of all simulations discussed here was chosen so that the junction size leads to wear debris formation. A set of 2D (19) and newly developed 3D model interatomic potentials and a recently developed diamond potential (20) are used. The formation process of 3D wear particles is simulated and analyzed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspired by (i) our recent study (19) that revealed the critical importance of the junction shear strength (τ ) on debris particle formation and (ii) macroscopic laboratory observations of a linear correlation between the tangential work and wear volume (7,25,27,28), we examined the relationship between tangential work and the volume of resultant debris particles. Remarkably, we found that, at the debris level, these two quantities are related with a proportionality constant of 1/τ across the wide range of simulations performed in this work (Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulations spanned two distinct geometrical configurations, i.e., a single asperity in contact with an atomistically flat surface and two asperities on opposing surfaces. As shown in our recent study (19), there exists a critical junction size, with larger asperity junctions forming wear debris particles and smaller junctions smoothing plastically. Accordingly, the configuration of all simulations discussed here was chosen so that the junction size leads to wear debris formation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation further challenges a long-standing question posed by Archard (4,18): When does an asperity collision lead to the formation of a wear debris particle? This question was recently addressed (19) by the identification of a critical length scale that controls debris formation at asperity contacts. It was shown that debris particles form only at contact junctions with sizes above a critical junction size, which is a function of bulk and interfacial properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspired by this finding (19), this report aims to address how much material is detached during sliding contact, by focusing on the quantification of wear and the above-mentioned wear relations at the most fundamental level, i.e., wear debris particles. It shows that the volume of individual wear debris can be evaluated, without any empirical factor.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the debris-level origins of adhesive wear

Aghababaei

Warner

Molinari

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Every contacting surface inevitably experiences wear. Predicting the exact amount of material loss due to wear relies on empirical data and cannot be obtained from any physical model. Here, we analyze and quantify wear at the most fundamental level, i.e., wear debris particles. Our simulations show that the asperity junction size dictates the debris volume, revealing the origins of the long-standing hypothesized correlation between the wear volume and the real contact area. No correlation, however, is found between the debris volume and the normal applied force at the debris level. Alternatively, we show that the junction size controls the tangential force and sliding distance such that their product, i.e., the tangential work, is always proportional to the debris volume, with a proportionality constant of 1 over the junction shear strength. This study provides an estimation of the debris volume without any empirical factor, resulting in a wear coefficient of unity at the debris level. Discrepant microscopic and macroscopic wear observations and models are then contextualized on the basis of this understanding. This finding offers a way to characterize the wear volume in atomistic simulations and atomic force microscope wear experiments. It also provides a fundamental basis for predicting the wear coefficient for sliding rough contacts, given the statistics of junction clusters sizes.Archard's wear law | adhesive wear | friction | wear debris particle | nanotribology T he study of material loss at sliding surfaces, known as "wear," has over two centuries of history (1). Substantial progress occurred in the mid-1900s with a systematic series of wear experiments that showed, within a certain range of applied load, (i) the wear volume (i.e., total volume of wear debris) is independent of apparent area of contact (2, 3), (ii) the wear rate (i.e., wear volume per sliding distance) is linearly proportional to the macroscopic load acting normal to the interface, i.e., Archard's wear law (3, 4), and (iii) the wear volume is proportional to the frictional work (i.e., the product of frictional force and sliding distance), which was first hypothesized by Reye in 1860 (5) and intermittently discussed and observed experimentally (3,(5)(6)(7)(8). The first observation is commonly rationalized by arguing that the wear process is a direct result of contact between elevated surface asperities and is consequently associated with the real area of contact (2, 3). The second observation can then be understood by noting that the real area of contact is observed to be proportional to the macroscopic normal load (2, 9). The third observation follows from the first two if one assumes a wear volume proportional to sliding distance and a tangential force proportional to normal force (i.e., Amontons' first law of friction) (10).Despite the passage of more than 50 years, these wear relations remain fully empirical, and their microscopic origins are still unclear (11). Single-asperity wear simulations (12-14) and atomic force microscope (AFM...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the debris-level origins of adhesive wear

Aghababaei

Warner

Molinari

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tribological Performance and Electrochemical Behavior of Ti‐29Nb‐14Ta‐4.5Zr Alloy in Simulated Physiological Solution

et al. 2019

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Herein, the tribological performance and in vitro electrochemical behavior of Ti‐29Nb‐13Ta‐4.6Zr (TNTZ) reinforced by various nanosized phases are investigated. The various microstructures—1) single β‐phase, 2) β + α″ martensite, 3) β + ω, and 4) β + α—are prepared through purposeful heat treatment and subsequent aging. Sliding wear tests are performed under the applied load of 5 N and sliding speed of 0.3 mm s−1 against Ti‐6Al‐4V extra‐low interstitial alloy. Wear performance of the heat‐treated alloys significantly improves compared with the solution‐treated state, where the β + ω microstructure possesses the lowest weight losses. In fact, the precipitation of the nonsharable hard nanophase improves plastic shear resistance of the subsurface and in turn prohibits premature crack initiation. Such a supporting effect of the subsurface layer also increases the stability of the superficial oxide layer and decreases the amount of metallic/oxide debris. The electrochemical performances of the elaborated microstructures are assessed through potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the simulated body fluid. Interestingly, the β + ω alloy exhibits the extraordinary corrosion resistance compared to other structures. This is attributed to the uniform distribution, spherical morphology, and coherent interface of the ω‐nanoprecipitates.

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Non‐Empirical Law for Nanoscale Atom‐by‐Atom Wear

Wang

Ootani

et al. 2020

Advanced Science

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Wear of contact materials results in energy loss and device failure. Conventionally, wear is described by empirical laws such as the Archard's law; however, the fundamental physical and chemical origins of the empirical law have long been elusive, and moreover empirical wear laws do not always hold for nanoscale contact, collaboratively hindering the development of high‐durable tribosystems. Here, a non‐empirical and robustly applicable wear law for nanoscale contact situations is proposed. The proposed wear law successfully unveils why the nanoscale wear behaviors do not obey the description by Archard's law in all cases although still obey it in certain experiments. The robustness and applicability of the proposed wear law is validated by atomistic simulations. This work affords a way to calculate wear at nanoscale contact robustly and theoretically, and will contribute to developing design principles for wear reduction.

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Critical length scale controls adhesive wear mechanisms

Cited by 212 publications

References 69 publications

On the debris-level origins of adhesive wear

On the debris-level origins of adhesive wear

Tribological Performance and Electrochemical Behavior of Ti‐29Nb‐14Ta‐4.5Zr Alloy in Simulated Physiological Solution

Non‐Empirical Law for Nanoscale Atom‐by‐Atom Wear

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