Critical heat flux analysis and R&D for the design of the ITER divertor

Efficiency of water coolant for DEMO divertor

“…Rather, different cooling regimes are mixed due to the nonuniform tube wall temperature around its circumference [10,11]. Instead of doing a fully 2-dimensional thermo-hydraulic analysis, a reasonable estimate of 2D-effects is used in the following.…”

“…Instead of doing a fully 2-dimensional thermo-hydraulic analysis, a reasonable estimate of 2D-effects is used in the following. To get an estimate of the incident CHF for the present geometry of one-sided heating of divertor modules, the wall CHF is multiplied by a factor 1.36, motivated by various studies in this field [10,11]. Although not exact, this procedure provides enough accuracy for the present study and its conclusions.…”

“…2, the thermo-hydraulic relationship for water conditions as suggested for ITER divertor cooling (water inlet temperature T b = 150 • C, pressure 4.2 MPa, velocity 12 m/s) [10] is shown together with the cooling by water at 325 • C, 15.5 MPa (corresponding to PWR) and 20 m/s. To study the effect of water temperature, data for a lower water inlet temperature of 295 • C are also added to the graph in Fig.…”

Computational thermal fluid dynamic analysis of Hypervapotron heat sink for high heat flux devices application

“…There are several ways of increasing the CHF limit using different heat sink configurations such as swirl tapes, Hypervapotron, helical fins, Jet cooling, porous coating/medium, etc. [2]. Among these Hypervapotron is capable of handling heat fluxes in excess of 30 MW/m 2 , and for an equivalent flow the Hypervapotron has higher CHF limit, and lower pressure drop compared to swirl tubes [2].…”

Experimental examination of heat removal limitation of screw cooling tube at high pressure and temperature conditions

“…These issues relate to the heat removal capability of coolant as well as the joining technologies of refractory armors to the cooling structure. Among possible techniques for the high heat removal, subcooled flow boiling has been turned out to be more attractive, and has been extensively investigated [2]. Critical heat flux (CHF) limits application of the subcooled flow boiling to the high heat flux removal component.…”