Critical Detection of the Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation Ratio by Photosensor-Oculography

Hermann, John S.; Samson, Cesar R.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1967.00980030426004

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, contrary to previous reports describing human accommodative vergence as a uniocular phenomenon (Alpem and Ellen, i956; Hermann and Samson, 1967). we found the a~o~o~tive vergeuce response to be binocular in nature, as is true for other types of vergerme.…”

Section: During A~ommo~tivecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…feel that the data of Alpern and Ellen (19.56) demonstrate a baseline change in the viewing eye during accommodative convergence; this initial baseline shift is consistent with a small, leftward movement (convergence) in the viewing right eye (their Fig 2) as the covered left eye rotates rightward. The data of Hermann and Samson (1967) clearly shows vergence and saccadic movements taking place in the viewing eye during accommodative vergence. Thus, due to either state of the art technical limitations at the time of the previous researches, failure to design the experiment with detection of fine ocular rotations as a primary investigative goal, or not having analyzed the data in a detailed manner, these small movements in the viewing eye associated with accommodative vergence have rec.ived little attention, and therefore have resulted in obscuring its true binocular nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Figure 11 clearly shows the differences in the eye movement traces during accommodative vergence when the photoelectric and electro-oculographic methods were utilized simultaneously. The photoelectric :echnique, which Hermann and Samson (1967) used to measure eye movements during accommodative vergence, will also fail to register some of these small movements if the experiment is not specifically designed to detect very small ocular rotations. For example, when the photo-cells are positioned far from the eyes, a strategy used to increase the linear operating range of the system, resolution capabilities wil1 decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded, "One important finding of these me~~e~ts is that, for our subject at kast, only the occluded eye moves," and furthermore maintamed that the movement in the viewing eye was totally damped as a result of the predominance of the fixation system. Hermann and Samson (1967) used the infra-red retlection technique to determine objective clinical accommodative vergence to .accommodation ratios (AC/A ratios) in patients. They stated, the position of the fixated eye is quite steady during these movements except for infrequent blinks."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Binocular eye movements during accommodative vergence

1978

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Binocular eye position was monitored by the photoelectric technique during accommodative vergence. Contrary to previous reports indicating that accommodative vergence was a uniocular phenomenon, without exception, binocular accommodative vergence movements were recorded. The total vergence amplitude in the viewing eye was reduced, on the average. by approximately SSP, with respect to the vergence movement measured in the covered eye. Some saccadic eye movements that occurred during vergence movements were likewise reduced in amplitude in the viewing eye by up to 20%. Smooth eye movements were utilized to counteract the vergence movement in the viewing eye. This smooth movement alone, or in conjunction with a late saccade, returned the eye to the target and helped to maintain the retinal image of the target coincident with the fovea1 center for the duration of the accommodative vergence movement. Thus, there appears to be a fixation-holding mechanism which produced a general attenuation of both vergence and some saccadic movements in the viewing eye. Although this control strategy produced violations of Hering's law with respect to the magnitude of the movements in the eyes but not with respect to the direction of the movement. it was implemented in the interest of retaining the target within the sensitive fovea1 region. lNTRODUCTlON A synkinetic relationship between the human accommodative system and the vergence eye movement system was reported by Johannes Miiller (1826). He observed that if one eye were covered, and the viewing eye changed fixation from a far to a near target along its line of sight, the covered eye rotated inward.Objective measures of the dynamical characteristics of accommodative vergence have recently been made in monkey and man. In many of these studies the position of the viewing eye was not monitored (Troelstra et al.,

show abstract

Section: During A~ommo~tivecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Binocular eye movements during accommodative vergence

1978

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Vergence eye movements

Toates

1974

Doc Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The extensive and scattered literature on vergence eye movements is reviewed. Topics covered include the neural innervation to vergence, active versus passive divergence, muscular control, the accuracy of vergence, the interaction from vergence to accommodation, the independence of vergence and version, the sharing of responsibility with other eye movement controllers, the anatomical and physiological resting point, prediction and learning, drug effects, and the stimuli to vergence, i.e. fusion, accommodation and proximity.Results from ophthahnology, physiology, as well as bioengineering are discussed, using control systems theory as a tool for description and explanation. It is argued that in this area the systems approach is the most appropriate method for interpreting experimental results. Finally, a model that attempts to integrate the results into a theory of vergence is proposed. On the one hand the model suggests possible explanations. On the other, where the model is inadequate it serves to direct attention either to modifications of the theory or to areas where further experimentation is indicated.

show abstract

Closed-loop and open-loop accommodative vergence eye movements

Saida¹,

Ono

Mapp

2001

Vision Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined accommodative vergence eye movements under conditions in which feedback about retinal-image slip was and was not present (i.e. closed-loop and open-loop conditions). We found that (a) in both conditions the two eyes started to move at the same time; (b) in the open-loop condition, vergence continued in both eyes; and (c) in the closed-loop condition, vergence continued in the occluded eye only, and the magnitude and velocity exceeded that of the occluded eye in the open-loop condition by a factor of two.

show abstract

Critical Detection of the Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation Ratio by Photosensor-Oculography

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Binocular eye movements during accommodative vergence

Binocular eye movements during accommodative vergence

Vergence eye movements

Closed-loop and open-loop accommodative vergence eye movements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About