CRISPR/Cas System: An Introduction

Munawar, Nayla; Ahmad, Aftab

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7142-8_1

Cited by 7 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…However, type V CRISPR/Cas system uses a T-rich PAM sequence such as "TTT", "TTA", "TTN" or "TTC" for target recognition. For example, Cas12a (Cpf1) uses the "TTN" PAM sequence to target dsDNA [14]. Cas proteins and their variants require different PAM sequences for efficiently and precisely manipulate and cleavage biological genomes, while type VI system relies on a PAM analogue termed protospacer flanking site (PFS) for RNA targeting [15].…”

Section: Crispr/cas: a Powerful And Versatile Toolkits For Synthetic Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Research the Synthetic Genomics of Yeast

Lin¹,

Wang²,

Deng³

et al. 2022

Synthetic Genomics - From BioBricks to Synthetic Genomes

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The whole genome projects open the prelude to the diversity and complexity of biological genome by generating immense data. For the sake of exploring the riddle of the genome, scientists around the world have dedicated themselves in annotating for these massive data. However, searching for the exact and valuable information is like looking for a needle in a haystack. Advances in gene editing technology have allowed researchers to precisely manipulate the targeted functional genes in the genome by the state-of-the-art gene-editing tools, so as to facilitate the studies involving the fields of biology, agriculture, food industry, medicine, environment and healthcare in a more convenient way. As a sort of pioneer editing devices, the CRISPR/Cas systems having various versatile homologs and variants, now are rapidly giving impetus to the development of synthetic genomics and synthetic biology. Firstly, in the chapter, we will present the classification, structural and functional diversity of CRISPR/Cas systems. Then we will emphasize the applications in synthetic genome of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) using CRISPR/Cas technology based on year order. Finally, the summary and prospection of synthetic genomics as well as synthetic biotechnology based on CRISPR/Cas systems and their further utilizations in yeast are narrated.

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Section: Crispr/cas: a Powerful And Versatile Toolkits For Synthetic Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Research the Synthetic Genomics of Yeast

Lin¹,

Wang²,

Deng³

et al. 2022

Synthetic Genomics - From BioBricks to Synthetic Genomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2022(3) 1-8. proteins) and travels to the target DNA. CRISPER was first discovered in 1978 in E. coli and the term CRISPR was first used in 2002 to describe repeat sequences in the bacterial genome (Munawar and Ahmad 2021). The importance of these sequences became clear when the researchers realized the similarity of the phage genome sequences with the sequences in the CRISPR locus (Horvath, et al 2009).…”

Section: Clusteredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene editing tools and the treatment of cystic fibrosis disease

Ashouri¹

2022

genediting

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“…Any unwanted or off-target mutations that negatively affect plants can be regulated in subsequent generations. Most off-target impacts reported to date have been in human cell research rather than plant cells [ 170 , 171 , 172 ]. Off-target mutations in human cancer cells have been attributed to sgRNA mismatching of dysfunctional repair mechanisms [ 173 ].…”

Section: Potential Concerns Associated With Crispr Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientists have used CRISPR to enhance crops for pest resistance [ 192 ], disease resistance [ 193 ], improved yield [ 22 ], and more. In terms of crop improvements, CRISPR can achieve precise, tiny, controlled genome changes that existing genetic engineering tools can never bring about, and the technology is widely considered superior to genetic engineering [ 170 ]. CRISPR has the potential to produce improved crops with better social and public acceptance than GM crops have attracted.…”

Section: Crispr-edited Crops and Gm Crops: Similarities And Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GMOs are produced using methods to tweak the DNA of a living organism and many GM crops include genetic material inserted from foreign organisms, such as Bacillus thuringiensis genes in the case of Bt cotton and Bt maize. These modifications have sparked health and environmental controversies, leading to a reluctance in many parts of the world to grow or consume such crops [ 170 ]. Creating new GMOs is an expensive and complex process largely restricted to multinational companies.…”

Section: Crispr-edited Crops and Gm Crops: Similarities And Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Outlook on Global Regulatory Landscape for Genome-Edited Crops

Ahmad

Munawar

Khan

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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The revolutionary technology of CRISPR/Cas systems and their extraordinary potential to address fundamental questions in every field of biological sciences has led to their developers being awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. In agriculture, CRISPR/Cas systems have accelerated the development of new crop varieties with improved traits—without the need for transgenes. However, the future of this technology depends on a clear and truly global regulatory framework being developed for these crops. Some CRISPR-edited crops are already on the market, and yet countries and regions are still divided over their legal status. CRISPR editing does not require transgenes, making CRISPR crops more socially acceptable than genetically modified crops, but there is vigorous debate over how to regulate these crops and what precautionary measures are required before they appear on the market. This article reviews intended outcomes and risks arising from the site-directed nuclease CRISPR systems used to improve agricultural crop plant genomes. It examines how various CRISPR system components, and potential concerns associated with CRISPR/Cas, may trigger regulatory oversight of CRISPR-edited crops. The article highlights differences and similarities between GMOs and CRISPR-edited crops, and discusses social and ethical concerns. It outlines the regulatory framework for GMO crops, which many countries also apply to CRISPR-edited crops, and the global regulatory landscape for CRISPR-edited crops. The article concludes with future prospects for CRISPR-edited crops and their products.

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CRISPR/Cas System: An Introduction

Cited by 7 publications

References 164 publications

Applications of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Research the Synthetic Genomics of Yeast

Applications of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Research the Synthetic Genomics of Yeast

Gene editing tools and the treatment of cystic fibrosis disease

An Outlook on Global Regulatory Landscape for Genome-Edited Crops

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