CRISPR-Cas System: A Tool to Eliminate Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

Kundar, Rajeshwari Rajesh; Gokarn, Karuna

doi:10.3390/ph15121498

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…9.9 | CRISPR-Cas in S. aureus: Precision gene editing CRISPR/Cas is a promising gene editing technology with huge potential and application in reversing the AMR among pathogenic bacteria [248]. The precise DNA editing ability of the short palindromic repeats that are clustered together at regular interspace, also known as the CRISPR system, produces the Cas9 enzyme that binds, alters, and cuts the DNA accurately, thereby shutting the activation of the gene or silencing of the gene.…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Antibiotics: Fighting Drug Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review

Gopikrishnan,

Haryini,

2024

J Basic Microbiol

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In recent years, antibiotic therapy has encountered significant challenges due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistance among bacteria responsible for life‐threatening illnesses, creating uncertainty about the future management of infectious diseases. The escalation of antimicrobial resistance in the post‐COVID era compared to the pre‐COVID era has raised global concern. The prevalence of nosocomial‐related infections, especially outbreaks of drug‐resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, have been reported worldwide, with India being a notable hotspot for such occurrences. Various virulence factors and mutations characterize nosocomial infections involving S. aureus. The lack of proper alternative treatments leading to increased drug resistance emphasizes the need to investigate and examine recent research to combat future pandemics. In the current genomics era, the application of advanced technologies such as next‐generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), and quantum computing (QC) for genomic analysis and resistance prediction has significantly increased the pace of diagnosing drug‐resistant pathogens and insights into genetic intricacies. Despite prompt diagnosis, the elimination of drug‐resistant infections remains unattainable in the absence of effective alternative therapies. Researchers are exploring various alternative therapeutic approaches, including phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, vaccines, host‐directed therapies, and more. The proposed review mainly focuses on the resistance journey of S. aureus over the past decade, detailing its resistance mechanisms, prevalence in the subcontinent, innovations in rapid diagnosis of the drug‐resistant strains, including the applicants of NGS and ML application along with QC, it helps to design alternative novel therapeutics approaches against S. aureus infection.

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Section: Naturally Occurring Antibiotics: Fighting Drug Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review

Gopikrishnan,

Haryini,

2024

J Basic Microbiol

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“…180 Other studies indicate that a high number of target sites can still limit the evolution of resistant strains with chromosomal mutations. 181 In addition to the previous resistance response, it was found that the most common site of mutations was localized in the plasmid-encoded SpCas9 used to introduce the system into the target strain. Some studies described recombination and deletions that resulted in the inactivation of the CRISPR loci and the elimination of Cas genes and target sequences, to name a few.…”

Section: ■ Bacterial Mechanisms Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies, however, showed no correlation between the number of target sites and killing efficiency by assessing 10 different gRNAs with 1 to 25 target sites in an E. coli genome and obtaining similar results . Other studies indicate that a high number of target sites can still limit the evolution of resistant strains with chromosomal mutations …”

Section: Bacterial Mechanisms Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Cas-Based Antimicrobials: Design, Challenges, and Bacterial Mechanisms of Resistance

et al. 2023

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The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is a source of public health concern across the globe. As the discovery of new conventional antibiotics has stalled significantly over the past decade, there is an urgency to develop novel approaches to address drug resistance in infectious diseases. The use of a CRISPR-Cas-based system for the precise elimination of targeted bacterial populations holds promise as an innovative approach for new antimicrobial agent design. The CRISPR-Cas targeting system is celebrated for its high versatility and specificity, offering an excellent opportunity to fight antibiotic resistance in pathogens by selectively inactivating genes involved in antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, pathogenicity, virulence, or bacterial viability. The CRISPR-Cas strategy can enact antimicrobial effects by two approaches: inactivation of chromosomal genes or curing of plasmids encoding antibiotic resistance. In this Review, we provide an overview of the main CRISPR-Cas systems utilized for the creation of these antimicrobials, as well as highlighting promising studies in the field. We also offer a detailed discussion about the most commonly used mechanisms for CRISPR-Cas delivery: bacteriophages, nanoparticles, and conjugative plasmids. Lastly, we address possible mechanisms of interference that should be considered during the intelligent design of these novel approaches.

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“…Moreover, CRISPR-Cas systems can be employed to either target and remove the AMR pathogen or to eliminate the bacteria themselves, which harbor the drug-resistant genes. As the evolution of bacterial resistance cannot be prevented, various CRISPR-Cas system-usage strategies can be evaluated further because the system is practical and easily reprogrammable [260]. Retrieved and modified from [333,334].…”

Section: Recent Studies On the Application Of Crispr-cas System In Am...mentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Based Gene Editing in Acinetobacter baumannii to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2023

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to the health, social, environment, and economic sectors on a global scale and requires serious attention to addressing this issue. Acinetobacter baumannii was given top priority among infectious bacteria because of its extensive resistance to nearly all antibiotic classes and treatment options. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is classified as one of the critical-priority pathogens on the World Health Organization (WHO) priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for effective drug development. Although available genetic manipulation approaches are successful in A. baumannii laboratory strains, they are limited when employed on newly acquired clinical strains since such strains have higher levels of AMR than those used to select them for genetic manipulation. Recently, the CRISPR-Cas (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) system has emerged as one of the most effective, efficient, and precise methods of genome editing and offers target-specific gene editing of AMR genes in a specific bacterial strain. CRISPR-based genome editing has been successfully applied in various bacterial strains to combat AMR; however, this strategy has not yet been extensively explored in A. baumannii. This review provides detailed insight into the progress, current scenario, and future potential of CRISPR-Cas usage for AMR-related gene manipulation in A. baumannii.

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CRISPR-Cas System: A Tool to Eliminate Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

Cited by 14 publications

References 167 publications

Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review

Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review

CRISPR-Cas-Based Antimicrobials: Design, Challenges, and Bacterial Mechanisms of Resistance

CRISPR-Based Gene Editing in Acinetobacter baumannii to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

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