Crimean—Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ruminants: Field Observations of an Epizootic in Bandia, Senegal (1989–1992)

Zeller, H.; Cornet, Jean-Paul; Diop, A.; Camicas, Jean-Louis

doi:10.1093/jmedent/34.5.511

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…This species, although very common and prevalent, has not been frequently studied as the vector of agents of humans and animal diseases. To date, it has been known to transmit the protozoa Babesia bigemina [56], Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) [57], and Ehrlichia ruminantium [58]. Rickettsial agents have not been previously reported in these ticks, although tick hemolymph tests showed the presence of rickettsial-like organisms [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses, Neglected Emerging Diseases in Rural Senegal

et al. 2010

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BackgroundRickettsioses are one of the most important causes of systemic febrile illness among travelers from developed countries, but little is known about their incidence in indigenous populations, especially in West Africa.Methodology/Principal FindingsOverall seroprevalence evaluated by immunofluorescence using six rickettsial antigens (spotted fever and typhus group) in rural populations of two villages of the Sine-Saloum region of Senegal was found to be 21.4% and 51% for spotted fever group rickettsiae for Dielmo and Ndiop villages, respectively. We investigated the role of tick-borne rickettsiae as the cause of acute non-malarial febrile diseases in the same villages. The incidence of rickettsial DNA in 204 blood samples from 134 (62M and 72F) febrile patients negative for malaria was studied. DNA extracted from whole blood was tested by two qPCR systems. Rickettsial DNA was found in nine patients, eight with Rickettsia felis (separately reported). For the first time in West Africa, Rickettsia conorii was diagnosed in one patient. We also tested 2,767 Ixodid ticks collected in two regions of Senegal (Niakhar and Sine-Saloum) from domestic animals (cows, sheep, goats, donkeys and horses) by qPCR and identified five different pathogenic rickettsiae. We found the following: Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Hyalomma marginatum rufipes (51.3% and 44.8% in Niakhar and Sine-Saloum region, respectively), in Hyalomma truncatum (6% and 6.8%) and in Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (0.5%, only in Niakhar); R. c. conorii in Rh. e. evertsi (0.4%, only in Sine-Saloum); Rickettsia massiliae in Rhipicephalus guilhoni (22.4%, only in Niakhar); Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae in Hyalomma truncatum (13.5%, only in Sine-Saloum); and Rickettsia africae in Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (0.7% and 0.4% in Niakhar and Sine-Saloum region, respectively) as well as in Rhipicephalus annulatus (20%, only in Sine-Saloum). We isolated two rickettsial strains from H. truncatum: R. s. mongolitimonae and R. aeschlimannii.Conclusions/SignificanceWe believe that together with our previous data on the high prevalence of R. africae in Amblyomma ticks and R. felis infection in patients, the presented results on the distribution of pathogenic rickettsiae in ticks and the first R. conorii case in West Africa show that the rural population of Senegal is at risk for other tick-borne rickettsioses, which are significant causes of febrile disease in this area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses, Neglected Emerging Diseases in Rural Senegal

et al. 2010

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“…Ecologic studies have shown that hard (ixodid) ticks of the genus Hyalomma are the primary vector for transmission of CCHFV, but the virus has also been isolated from members of the genera Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma (Tahmasebi et al, 2010, Zeller et al, 1997, Bursali et al, 2011). Although CCHFV has also been detected in soft ticks of the genera Argasidae and Ornithodoros , there is no evidence that these species are competent vectors; the detection of virus in a soft tick simply indicates that it has recently fed on a viremic vertebrate (Turell, 2007, Durden et al, 1993).…”

Section: Detection Of the Circulation Of Cchfv In Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran

et al. 2013

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The presence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Iran was first identified in studies of livestock sera and ticks in the 1970s, but the first human infection was not diagnosed until 1999. Since that time, the number of cases of CCHF in Iran has markedly increased. Through January 2012, articles in the published literature have reported a total of 870 confirmed cases, with 126 deaths, for a case fatality rate (CFR) of 17.6%. The disease has been seen in 26 of the country’s 31 provinces, with the greatest number of cases in Sistan and Baluchestan, Isfahan, Fars, Tehran, Khorasan, and Khuzestan provinces. The increase in CCHF in Iran has paralleled that in neighboring Turkey, though the number of cases in Turkey has been much larger, with an overall CFR of around 5%. In this article, we review the features of CCHF in Iran, including its history, epidemiology, animal and tick reservoirs, current surveillance and control programs, diagnostic methods, clinical features and experience with ribavirin therapy, and consider possible explanations for the difference in the CFR of CCHF between Iran and Turkey. The emergence of CCHF in Iran calls for countermeasures at many levels to protect the population, but also provides opportunities for studying the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of the disease.

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“…To investigate the diversity of the sialome of a member of the Hyalomma genus, we analyzed the sialotranscriptome and sialoproteome of adult female Hyalomma marginatum rufipes , which is a common three-host tick found in Africa and Europe, and also a competent vector of Crimean Congo fever [23–27]. Immature stages H. m. rufipes feed on small vertebrates including mammals but mostly birds, while adults feed on large mammals, including cattle, from where our samples were obtained [28–32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the sialotranscriptome and proteome of the coarse bontlegged tick, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes

Francischetti

Anderson

Manoukis

et al. 2011

Journal of Proteomics

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Ticks are mites specialized in acquiring blood from vertebrates as their sole source of food and are important disease vectors to humans and animals. Among the specializations required for this peculiar diet, ticks evolved a sophisticated salivary potion that can disarm their host’s hemostasis, inflammation, and immune reactions. Previous transcriptome analysis of tick salivary proteins has revealed many new protein families indicative of fast evolution, possibly due to host immune pressure. The hard ticks (family Ixodidae) are further divided into two basal groups, of which the Metastriata have 11 genera. While salivary transcriptomes and proteomes have been described for some of these genera, no tick of the genus Hyalomma has been studied so far. The analysis of 2,084 expressed sequence tags (EST) from a salivary gland cDNA library allowed an exploration of the proteome of this tick species by matching peptide ions derived from MS/MS experiments to this data set. We additionally compared these MS/MS derived peptide sequences against the proteins from the bovine host, finding many host proteins in the salivary glands of this tick. This annotated data set can assist the discovery of new targets for anti-tick vaccines as well as help to identify pharmacologically active proteins.

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Crimean—Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ruminants: Field Observations of an Epizootic in Bandia, Senegal (1989–1992)

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses, Neglected Emerging Diseases in Rural Senegal

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses, Neglected Emerging Diseases in Rural Senegal

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran

An insight into the sialotranscriptome and proteome of the coarse bontlegged tick, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes

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