An insight into the sialotranscriptome and proteome of the coarse bontlegged tick, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes

Abstract

Ticks are mites specialized in acquiring blood from vertebrates as their sole source of food and are important disease vectors to humans and animals. Among the specializations required for this peculiar diet, ticks evolved a sophisticated salivary potion that can disarm their host’s hemostasis, inflammation, and immune reactions. Previous transcriptome analysis of tick salivary proteins has revealed many new protein families indicative of fast evolution, possibly due to host immune pressure. The hard ticks (family Ixodidae) are further divided into two basal groups, of which the Metastriata have 11 genera. While salivary transcriptomes and proteomes have been described for some of these genera, no tick of the genus Hyalomma has been studied so far. The analysis of 2,084 expressed sequence tags (EST) from a salivary gland cDNA library allowed an exploration of the proteome of this tick species by matching peptide ions derived from MS/MS experiments to this data set. We additionally compared these MS/MS derived peptide sequences against the proteins from the bovine host, finding many host proteins in the salivary glands of this tick. This annotated data set can assist the discovery of new targets for anti-tick vaccines as well as help to identify pharmacologically active proteins.

De novo sequencing, assembly and analysis of salivary gland transcriptome of Haemaphysalis flava and identification of sialoprotein genes

“…66 Identification and analysis of tick secreted proteins is considered 67 as critical in the anti-tick research area (Titus et al, 2006;Nuttall 68 et al, 2006), due to their important role in feeding and pathogen 69 transmission. To date, in order to identify protein families and dis-70 cover novel target antigen, salivary gland (SG) transcriptomes from 71 several ticks species have been described (Chmelar et al, 2008;72 Aljamali et al, 2009a;Francischetti et al, 2011). 73 Among the various transcriptome studies, next generation Williams-Newkirk et al, 2012;Hue et al, 2013;Kaewkong et al, 81 2014; Budachetri et al, 2014;Carpi et al, 2011) and parasitic 82 communities (Bonnet et al, 2014) associated with ticks.…”

Ixodes scapularistick saliva proteins sequentially secreted every 24h during blood feeding

“…With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, tick salivary gland transcriptomes have been described [23,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. However, the major limitation to these data is that it does not inform on which transcripts that encode for proteins are secreted in tick saliva.…”

Prediction of Kunitz ion channel effectors and protease inhibitors from the Ixodes ricinus sialome

“…Nowadays, next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics and transcriptomics to enable a deep coverage of high-throughput DNA sequencing at low costs (Pareek et al, 2011). Among these various next-generation sequencing transcriptomes are studies from arthropod disease vectors that include several salivary gland transcriptome and proteome projects (known as sialomes) from both hard tick (Alarcon-Chaidez et al, 2007;Aljamali et al, 2009;Anatriello et al, 2010;Batista et al, 2008;Francischetti et al, 2005Francischetti et al, , 2011Karim et al, 2011;Ribeiro et al, 2011Ribeiro et al, , 2006Ribeiro and Francischetti, 2003;Valenzuela et al, 2002) and soft tick species (Francischetti et al, 2008a,b;Mans et al, 2008;Ribeiro et al, 2012).…”