Crime and Social Change in Middle England

Insecurities about crime in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: A review of research findings

“…This approach is sometimes referred to as the generalisation thesis (Hirtenlehner 2006a(Hirtenlehner , 2009Karazman-Morawetz, 2004a, 2004b), and here again there are parallels with the UK literature (Taylor and Jamieson, 1998;Girling et al, 2000;Jackson, 2004Jackson, , 2006Farrall et al, 2009).…”

Moving beyond punitivism: Punishment, state failure and democracy at the margins

“…What is more, the idea of a punitive public as a consequence of late 20 th century anxieties may be overly simplified (e.g. Hutton, 2005, see also Girling et al, 2000;Roberts and Hough, 2002). Hutton (2005), for example, has noted that levels of punitiveness vary depending on what method of inquiry is used.…”

Researching Everyday Emotions: Towards a Multi-Disciplinary Investigation of the Fear of Crime

“…Smaller scale qualitative studies have indeed been better able to demonstrate the more intricate and nuanced nature of crime fears (Bannister 1993;Girling et al, 2000). As research on public perceptions has advanced we have discovered that lay perceptions are considerably more complex and multifaceted than previously thought.…”

“…Nevertheless, we will highlight key concerns about the validity of the instruments used (Bernard, 1992;Fattah, 1993;Skogan, 1981;Farrall et al, 1997) and some of the main issues surrounding the theoretical under-specification within this field of enquiry (Sparks, 1992;Girling et al, 2000).…”

“…Others argue that theoretical under-specification has restricted the breadth and depth of definition and explanation, leaving us with a contested and congested concept (e.g. Girling et al 2000). Certainly, public concerns and perceptions seem messier and more multi-faceted than current methods and concepts disclose.…”