Cretan Mediterranean diet for prevention of coronary heart disease

Renaud, S.; Lorgeril, Michel de; Delaye, J; Guidollet, J; Jacquard, F; Mamelle, N; Martin, Jean‐Louis; Monjaud, I; Salen, Patricia; Toubol, P

doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.6.1360s

Cited by 318 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Neutral sterols were extracted with petroleum ether, while acid sterols remained in the aqueous phase. 3 Hcholesterol (NEN, Life Science Product, Boston, USA, 46.5 Ci·mmol -1 ) and 14 Ctaurocholate (Dupont NEN, Boston, USA, 46.4 mCi·mmol -1 ) were used as markers of extraction. Free bile acids were methylated with diazomethane, silylated with Derivasil and analysed on a Carlo-Erba HRGC 5160 gas chromatograph equipped with the same column as described above for dietary neutral sterols.…”

Section: Faecal Sterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) either in the form of the essential precursor α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3) or its long chain derivatives eicosapentaenoic and docosahexanoic acids (EPA, 20:5 n-3 and DHA, 22:6 n-3) [1] are known to exert protective effects against various pathologies, and especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [2][3][4]. Despite these beneficial effects, the dietary intake of n-3 PUFA is largely insufficient in many Western countries [5][6][7], and must be promoted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose effect of alpha-linolenic acid on lipid metabolism in the hamster

Morise¹,

Mourot²,

Riottot³

et al. 2005

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-In order to meet dietary requirements, the consumption of α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3) must be promoted. However, its effects on triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol metabolism are still controversial, and may be dose-dependent. The effects of increasing dietary ALA intakes (1%, 10%, 20% and 40% of total FA) were investigated in male hamsters. ALA replaced oleic acid while linoleic and saturated FA were kept constant. Triglyceridemia decreased by 45% in response to 10% dietary ALA and was not affected by higher intakes. It was associated with lower hepatic total activities of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (up to -29%) and malic enzyme (up to -42%), which were negatively correlated to ALA intake (r 2 = 0.33 and r 2 = 0.38, respectively). Adipose tissue lipogenesis was 2-6 fold lower than in the liver and was not affected by dietary treatment. Substitution of 10% ALA for oleic acid increased cholesterolemia by 15% but, as in TG, higher ALA intakes did not amplify the response. The highest ALA intake (40%) dramatically modified the hepatobiliary metabolism of sterols: cholesterol content fell by 45% in the liver and increased by 28% in the faeces. Besides, faecal bile acids decreased by 61%, and contained more hydrophobic and less secondary bile acids. Thus, replacing 10% oleic acid by ALA is sufficient to exert a beneficial hypotriglyceridemic effect, which may be counteracted by the slight increase in cholesterolemia. Higher intakes did not modify these parameters, but a very high dose resulted in adverse effects on sterol metabolism. α-linolenic acid / oleic acid / lipogenesis / cholesterol / triglyceride / bile acid / hamster

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Section: Faecal Sterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose effect of alpha-linolenic acid on lipid metabolism in the hamster

Morise¹,

Mourot²,

Riottot³

et al. 2005

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…In the classic Lyon Diet heart study, Renaud et al (17) evaluated the effect of a 'Cretan Mediterranean' diet on coronary heart disease, a study that gave great emphasis to the role of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the protective effects of Mediterranean diets. In a pioneering intervention study, Esposito et al (18) studied patients with the metabolic syndrome, to assess the effect of a Mediterranean diet on endothelial function, vascular inflammatory markers and persistence of metabolic syndrome components.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health impact of Mediterranean diets in food at work

Leighton

Polic

Strobel

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of diet mediterranisation, in a food-at-work context, and its consequence on metabolic syndrome in a mid-age unselected healthy male population group. Design: One-year longitudinal intervention study. Physical exercise was not modified. Setting: All workers of the Santiago division of 'Maestranza Diesel', a metalmechanic company servicing the mining industry, were invited to participate. Subjects: Initially, 145 workers of a total of 171, of average age 39 years, accepted to participate (sixteen women and 129 men). A subgroup of ninety-six men fully completed the controls programmed for the intervention study. Losses from the original group correspond to missing one control (sixteen), leaving the company (eleven) or blood sampling discomfort (six). The women and sixteen male workers, hired post study initiation, did participate but were excluded from this 12-month analysis. Results: Diet mediterranisation was successful, reflected in the daily food consumption at the canteen and the evolution of the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) from 4?8 6 1?4 to 7?4 6 1?5 (limits 0-14). Some metabolic syndrome components showed statistically significant improvement and also statistically significant correlation with the MDS: waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After 12 months, the reversion rate for metabolic syndrome was 48 % (12/23) with an incidence rate of 4?1 % for new cases (3/73). In total, metabolic syndrome decreased from 24?0 % to 15?6 % (23/96 to 15/96) (P 5 0?029). Conclusions: Diet mediterranisation is feasible in a food-at-work intervention, affecting lunch consumption at the workers canteen and overall consumption evaluated with MDS, together with a significant reduction in metabolic syndrome.

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“…However, the hypothesis of a protective effect of a-linolenic acid in relation to coronary heart disease is supported by the results of the Lyon trial. In this intervention study, a Mediterranean diet enriched with a-linolenic acid was strongly protective in relation to coronary heart disease [23,84]. However, more data is needed before definite statements can be made about the possible protective effect of a-linolenic acid.…”

Section: Lectinsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bioactive substances of plant origin in food - impact on genomics

Orzechowski¹,

Ostaszewski²,

Jank³

et al. 2002

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-In the past decade, substantial progress has been made concerning our knowledge of bioactive components in plant foods and their links to health. Human diets of plant origin contain many hundreds of compounds which cannot be considered as nutrients, but appear to play a role in the maintenance of health. These substances are called nutraceuticals. In some cases where the disease process is at least partially understood, elements of protection can be related to a single compound or structurally related group of compounds in the diet. Bioactive components of food which are of special interest include the following groups: polyphenols, phytoestrogens, phytosterols, phytates and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most of them are featured by antioxidant properties. In the first part of this review, we indicate the main groups of bioactive compounds giving a description of their localisation, chemical properties and biological actions. Recently, it was shown, however, that the bioavailability of potential antioxidants from plant foods is generally too low to have any substantial direct effect on reactive oxygen species. As a result of that it is postulated that dietary compounds, even in very low concentrations, may have a far greater impact than previously appreciated on the regulation of gene expression. The second part of this paper concerns the action of the literally most important bioactive substances on the molecular mechanisms of the control of genes which in turn affect cellular metabolism. A few current studies on the action of selected nutraceuticals on the activity of transcription factors such as AP-1, NF-kB, SREBPs, PPARs as final targets in the signal transduction cascade and gene regulation are included. A detailed analysis of numerous factors of dietary origin with their targets is far beyond the scope of this paper. However, continuing research on the effects of nutraceuticals on gene expression should provide insight into the mechanisms of prevention of diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and cancer by dietary manipulations.bioactive compounds / antioxidants / transcription factors / AP-1 / NF-kB / PPARs / SREBPs / gene expression Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42 (2002) [461][462][463][464][465][466][467][468][469][470][471][472][473][474][475][476][477] 461

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Cretan Mediterranean diet for prevention of coronary heart disease

Cited by 318 publications

References 27 publications

Dose effect of alpha-linolenic acid on lipid metabolism in the hamster

Dose effect of alpha-linolenic acid on lipid metabolism in the hamster

Health impact of Mediterranean diets in food at work

Bioactive substances of plant origin in food - impact on genomics

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