Cretaceous volcanic rocks of the South Tethyan suture zone, Pakistan: implications for the Réunion hotspot and Deccan Traps

Mahoney, John J.; Duncan, Robert A.; Khan, Wazir; Gnos, Edwin; McCormick, George R.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00840-3

Cited by 140 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It is not surprising that a tail (and more) of volcanism should mark the later breakup phase following trap emplacement [34,35,37], as has been seen to be the case with much larger volumes for the Ethiopian and Brito-Arctic traps. Very recently, Mahoney et al [114] have identified volumetrically minor but geologically significant volcanic rocks in the Tethyan suture, which suggest that the Réunion hot spot was active at 73 Ma off northwestern Greater India, well before and to the north of the Deccan traps. These authors show that such activity is compatible with the plume-head model.…”

Section: The Deccan Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the ages of flood basalt events

Courtillot

Renne

2003

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

735

400

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We review available data constraining the extent, volume, age and duration of all major Phanerozoic continental flood basalts (CFB or traps) and oceanic plateaus (OP), together forming the group of large igneous provinces (LIP), going from the smallest Columbia flood basalts at ∼16 Ma to the as yet ill-known remnants of a possible trap at ∼360 Ma in eastern Siberia. The 16 traps (CFB and OP) reviewed form a rather unimodal distribution with an initial modal volume of the order of 2.5 Mkm 3 . Most provinces agree with a rather simple first order model in which volcanism may have lasted of the order of 10 Ma, often resulting in continental break-up, but where most of the volume was erupted in about 1 Ma or sometimes less. This makes CFBs/OPs (LIPs) major geodynamic events, with fluxes exceeding the total output of present day hot spots and even possibly exceeding over short times the entire crustal production of mid-ocean ridges. The proposed correlation between trap ages and the ages of several geological events, including mass extinctions and oceanic anoxia, is found to have improved steadily as more data have become available, to the point that the list of trap ages may coincide with many major divisions in the geological time scale. The four largest mass extinctions in the last 260 Ma coincide to the best resolution available with four traps, making a causal connection between the two through some form of catastrophic climatic perturbations the most likely hypothesis. The time sequence of LIPs appears to have been random and there is no robust evidence for long time trends in the corresponding crustal production rate over the last 260 Ma.  2003 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. RésuméNous passons en revue l'ensemble des données qui permettent de contraindre l'étendue, le volume, l'âge et la durée de toutes les grandes provinces magmatiques basaltiques (en anglais LIP) d'âge Phanérozoïque, qu'il s'agisse des trapps ou plateaux basaltiques continentaux (en anglais CFB) ou des plateaux océaniques (OP), allant de la plus récente et plus petite (le plateau de Columbia âgé de ∼16 Ma) à l'une des plus anciennes, encore mal connue, située dans l'Est de la Sibérie et sans doute âgée de ∼360 Ma. Les 16 provinces passées en revue forment une distribution assez unimodale, avec des volumes initiaux de lave de l'ordre de 2,5 Mkm 3 . La plupart des provinces sont compatibles, au premier ordre, avec un modèle simple selon lequel le volcanisme a pu durer une dizaine de millions d'années et a en général conduit à une déchirure des continents et à l'ouverture d'un nouveau bassin océanique, mais où l'essentiel du volume des laves a été émis en environ 1 million d'années, parfois moins. Ceci fait des trapps (des LIP en général) des événements géodynamiques majeurs, avec des flux de matière ayant dépassé la production totale actuelle des points chauds et même, peut-être, pendant de brefs intervalles, la totalité de la production de croûte V.E. Courtillot, P.R. Renn...

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Section: The Deccan Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the ages of flood basalt events

Courtillot

Renne

2003

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

735

400

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“…1). Morgan (1981) Mahoney et al (2002) and . ODP Leg 115 sites (706,107,713,715) and Texaco drill site SM-1 are indicated by open circles; the ages of the basalts are from McDougall and Chamalaun (1969) and Duncan and Hargraves (1990). have been studied extensively (e.g., McDougall, 1971;Fisk et al, 1988;Albarède and Tamagnan, 1988;Gillot and Nativel, 1989;Staudacher et al, 1990;White et al, 1990;Albarède et al, 1997;Hanyu et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Lavas from Mauritius, Indian Ocean: Mantle Sources and Petrogenesis

Sheth

Mahoney

Baxter

2003

International Geology Review

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Trace-element and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic data for mafic lavas from the Mascarene island of Mauritius reveal that the shield-stage Older Series (with 143 are strongly enriched in highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones (e.g., chondrite-normalized La/Lu = 4.03-17.8 vs. 9.38-10.2 for the Older Series), but the Younger Series lavas display much less relative enrichment (e.g., chondrite-normalized La/Lu = 3.86-5.37) and have low concentrations of incompatible elements. Modeling suggests that variable partial melting and mixing between mid-ocean-ridge-basalt (MORB) source mantle and mantle with bulk-Earth-like Nd and Sr isotopic and incompatible-element ratios, and "C"-like Pb isotope ratios, can explain the general relationship between the shield and post-shield lavas. All Mauritius and Réunion lavas can be explained as 2-8% partial melts of a bulk-Earth-like source that had been 1.5-0.25% metasomatized by a 0.1% MORB-source melt. The range in Pb isotopic compositions requires mixing with highly variable Sr/Pb and Nd/Pb ratios in the end members; such variation, however, is not supported by measured Sr/Pb, Nd/Pb, etc. in the lavas. Some isotopic heterogeneity thus appears to be required in the end members and/or much of the range in Pb isotopes represents radiogenic ingrowth since the metasomatic event. Near-constant 207 Pb/ 204 Pb values over the range of 206 Pb/ 204 Pb among the Older Series lavas suggest that the metasomatic event must have occurred within the last few hundred million years.

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“…The first and second melting events occurred within the outcrops of the volcanogenic conglomerate of the Late Cretaceous Bibai Formation (Kazmi 1979;Khan et al 2000;Kassi et al 2009) of the western Sulaiman Fold-Thrust Belt, which comprises mostly sedimentary successions ( Figure 1; Table 1 (Kazmi 1979;Siddiqui et al 1996;Khan et al 2000;Mahoney et al 2002;Kassi et al 2009). The belt occurred as result of collision of the Eurasian and Indian plates; therefore, it is tectonically and seismically active (Ambraseys & Bilham 2003).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%