Creep analysis of concrete filled steel tube arch bridges

State of the art on the time-dependent behaviour of composite steel–concrete structures

“…Extensive parametric studies have been carried out using these models to consider the influence of different material and geometric parameters, e.g. [19,20,[35][36][37][38]. Depending on the magnitude of the deformations undergone by a member, the steel section might approach its yield strain and, in these cases, account should be placed to consider the effects of possible permanent deformations on the overall structural response [34].…”

Long Term Load-Carrying Capacity of Eccentrically Compressed Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Members

“…According to Ref. [10], when creep occurs, stress increment of core concrete can be described as σ -initial stress of the core concrete; s E -steel elastic modulus; c -creep ratio of core concrete under uni-axial stress [10]; 1 c -axial creep ratio of core concrete under multi-axial stress [10,11]; 2 c -radial creep ratio of core concrete under multi-axial stress [10,11];…”

“…N u1 calculated by (8) and N u2 gotten by formula suggested in Ref. [12] stand for load-carrying capacity without consideration of creep. As shown in Table 1, N u2 is bigger than N u1 in the most situation because in the established model to calculate N u1 , the members' carrying limitation are supposed as the situation of steel tubes reaching their yield.…”

“…Designing formula of N u2 suggested in Ref. [12] is gotten by regression of failure experiments' data. Obviously, it is reasonable that N u1 < N u2 .…”

“…here, γ β β According to ( 9), (10), and the following conditions, Carrying capacity of the members with consideration of creep can be gotten as…”