1985
DOI: 10.1177/016502548500800107
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Creativity in Adulthood and Old Age: Relations to Intelligence, Sex and Mode of Testing

Abstract: A total of 150 well-educated subjects 46 young persons (25-35 yrs.), 54 middle-aged persons (45-55 yrs.) and 50 old persons (65-75 yrs.) participated in a study of creativity and age. Of these, 86 were men and 64 women. The results showed that there were age differences in creativity to the disadvantage of the old. A model based on the variables, reduced speed of information processing, a lower level of complexity and a decreased willingness to risk original solutions by age, are offered as explanations. Soci… Show more

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Cited by 93 publications
(57 citation statements)
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“…Therefore, divergent thinking should also decline with increasing age (Kausler, 1991, p. 620). In agreement with this hypothesis, some research has shown that divergent thinking begins to decline in middle age (Alpaugh & Birren, 1977;Guilford, 1967;McCrea et al, 1987;Ruth & Birren, 1985). However, some other research has shown that the decline begins after middle age (Baltes & Lindenberger, 1997;Jaquish & Ripple, 1981;Schaie & Hertzog, 1983).…”
mentioning
confidence: 87%
“…Therefore, divergent thinking should also decline with increasing age (Kausler, 1991, p. 620). In agreement with this hypothesis, some research has shown that divergent thinking begins to decline in middle age (Alpaugh & Birren, 1977;Guilford, 1967;McCrea et al, 1987;Ruth & Birren, 1985). However, some other research has shown that the decline begins after middle age (Baltes & Lindenberger, 1997;Jaquish & Ripple, 1981;Schaie & Hertzog, 1983).…”
mentioning
confidence: 87%
“…For instance, when performance on several verbal and nonverbal divergent thinking tasks were evaluated as a function of gender in adults, both genders scored higher on one of the two verbal and one of the two nonverbal tasks (Ruth & Birren, 1985).…”
Section: Gender and Creativity: Behavioral Findingsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Assim sendo, o limiar do nível intelectual parece afetar mais a expressão da criatividade fi gurativa do que a expressão criativa verbal. Ainda que existam vários estudos que confi rmam as associações entre inteligência e criatividade (Batey & Furnham, 2009;Birren, 2009;Gregory, Nettelbeck, & Wilson, 2010;Ruth & Birren, 1985;Staudinger, Maciel, Smith, & Baltes, 1998;Zimprich, Allemand, & Dellenbach, 2009), as conclusões sobre este tema são ainda inconsistentes, como aponta Runco (2007).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Na velhice, a rapidez e a destreza tendem a diminuir o que pode ter prejudicado o desempenho no teste de criatividade, que tem tempo marcado para execução da tarefa. Ruth e Birren (1985) observaram declínio da criatividade com a idade, o que foi atribuído à redução da velocidade do processamento da informação. No estudo foi observada a relação entre criatividade fi gural e rapidez de processamento, o que indica que tal fato pode infl uenciar os resultados nos testes, principalmente quanto se avaliam pessoas com idade avançada.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
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