Creativity in ADHD: Goal-Directed Motivation and Domain Specificity

Boot, Nathalie; Nevicka, Barbara; Baas, Michiel

doi:10.1177/1087054717727352

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…At the level of character traits, it is known that individual abilities, such as the capacity for divergent and convergent thinking (introduced by Guilford, 1950), general intelligence, and openness (or open-mindedness; Jauk, Benedek, & Neubauer, 2014) are all linked to creativity (see Batey & Furnham, 2006 for a review). Trait-level creativity is often assessed by standardized tools like the Alternative-Uses Task (AUT; Guilford, Christensen, Merrifield, & Wilson, 1978) but also via quantitative or qualitative ratings of the creativity of outputs, and recent efforts have linked trait-level creativity to neural systems such as the dopaminergic system (Boot, Nevicka, & Baas, 2017), the default-mode network (Boccia, Piccardi, Palermo, Nori, & Palmiero, 2015;Gonen-Yaacovi et al, 2013), the executivecontrol network (Santarnecchi, Emmendorfer, & Pascual-Leone, 2017), and to functional connectivity across brain systems (Beaty et al, 2018); see Jauk (2019) for a recent review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspired by art: Higher aesthetic appeal elicits increased felt inspiration in a creative writing task.

Welke¹,

Purton²,

Vessel³

2023

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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Moments of creative inspiration -an evoked state of motivation for creative activity -form a distinct step in creative processes. We hypothesize that the psychological state of being creatively inspired is similar to the state of being aesthetically moved, and that aesthetically moving experiences can serve as prompts for creative inspiration. We tested this hypothesis in a creative writing task: In Experiment 1, 25 participants from the general public were asked to write 12 short creative vignettes (repeated measures) in response to either "aesthetic" prompts (visual artworks they had rated highly aesthetically moving in a preceding task) or "nonaesthetic" prompts (triads of unrelated words). People then rated how inspired they had felt during idea generation. Ratings of inspiration were significantly higher for aesthetic vs. nonaesthetic prompts. In Experiment 2, 34 participants performed the same task with prompts consisting of highly-moving artworks, non-moving artworks (rated in a preceding task), or novel artworks not seen in advance. While pre-exposure to the stimuli had no significant effect, felt inspiration was significantly higher for moving vs. non-moving prompts, and posttest aesthetic ratings of novel artworks were positively correlated with felt inspiration. Furthermore, inspiration ratings correlated positively with the amount of produced text. Being aesthetically moved increases the likelihood of creative inspiration, a finding with implications both for the study of creative and aesthetic processes and also for the potential role of the arts in educational settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspired by art: Higher aesthetic appeal elicits increased felt inspiration in a creative writing task.

Welke¹,

Purton²,

Vessel³

2023

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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“…10 The results of this study can present positive evidence of whether patients with ADHD may be more creative than the general public. 24 Fitzgerald 16 claimed through the trajectory analysis of many artists that they may have ADHD. However, it is difficult to say whether there are more artists among people with ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Positive Aspects of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Famous People

Lee

Seo

Bahn

2020

Psychiatry Investig

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Objective The shortage of clinical data regarding adult patients with often results in adults with ADHD being stigmatized and being inadequately treated. In this paper, famous people who potentially have ADHD were analyzed to understand better, the life-long progression of ADHD.Methods 131 people were analyzed as potential candidates for ADHD. A grading system for the candidates was developed: class 1, compatible with ADHD; class 2, likely; class 3, less likely; class 4, uncertain with a shortage of data; and class 5, not compatible. Initially, 39 subjects in class 4 and 12 in class 5 were excluded from the analysis. Finally, 80 subjects (30 in class 1, 33 in class 2, and 17 in class 3) were analyzed for sociodemographic data and psychiatric comorbidities.Results 88.8% were men and 47.5% of the subjects were married once. In terms of occupation, 45.0% of the subjects were cultural professionals and 25.0% were chief executives. Narcissistic personality disorder was the most frequently noted comorbidity, followed by substance-related and addictive disorder.Conclusion Famous people with ADHD in this study revealed high skill levels in occupation, offering positive aspects of ADHD in adults.

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“…Next participants performed a reinforcement learning and working memory (RLWM) task (Collins, Albrecht, Waltz, Gold & Frank, 2017), outside the scanner, to assess the role of striatal dopamine in the interaction between reinforcement learning and working memory. Lastly, participants performed three creativity tasks, the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) administered to assess divergent creative thinking (Guilford, 1967), the Remote Associates Task (RAT) administered to assess convergent creative thinking (Mednick, 1962) and the Alternative Names Task (ANT) administered to jointly asses divergent and convergent creative thinking (Boot, Nevicka, & Baas, 2017). The order of the three creativity tasks was counterbalanced across participants but kept constant within each participant.…”

Section: Cognitive Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting effects of methylphenidate and sulpiride on brain and cognition: A pharmaco-fMRI, PET study. Design and descriptives.

Määttä¹,

Bosch²,

Papadopetraki³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The large variation observed in the effects of dopaminergic drugs poses a major problem for neuropsychiatry, where therapeutic drugs may be ineffective or detrimental in a proportion of patients, but also for the healthy population. We have conducted a pharmaco-fMRI/PET study in 100 healthy participants to investigate the neural and neurochemical mechanisms of this variability. We studied the cognitive effects of methylphenidate (20mg) and sulpiride (400mg) across various cognitive domains, such as reward learning and motivation, working memory and effort motivation. To establish the baseline dopamine-dependency of the drug effects, all participants underwent an [18F]DOPA positron emission tomography scan on a separate off-drug session to quantify their baseline striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. In addition, multiple putative proxy measures of striatal dopamine activity were acquired, including spontaneous eye blink rate, trait impulsivity, subjective reward sensitivity and working memory capacity. The drug effects on each of the cognitive paradigms and their potential dependency on dopamine synthesis capacity and putative proxy measures are reported in separate papers. In the present paper, we report the design of the full study, as well as drug effects on subjective mood and autonomic arousal. This report aims to serve as a reference for future pharmacological fMRI/PET studies as well as for the specific papers resulting from detailed analyses of the included cognitive paradigms. The study will enable the development of a proxy-model of baseline dopamine, intended to provide a pragmatic handle on predicting the effects of dopaminergic drugs on brain and cognition that maximally generalizes to new participants.

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Creativity in ADHD: Goal-Directed Motivation and Domain Specificity

Abstract: Our findings suggest that goal-directed motivation may drive the enhanced real-world creative achievements of people with ADHD. Moreover, people with ADHD may selectively engage and excel in creative domains that fit their skills and preferences.

Cited by 40 publications

References 52 publications

Inspired by art: Higher aesthetic appeal elicits increased felt inspiration in a creative writing task.

Inspired by art: Higher aesthetic appeal elicits increased felt inspiration in a creative writing task.

The Positive Aspects of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Famous People

Predicting effects of methylphenidate and sulpiride on brain and cognition: A pharmaco-fMRI, PET study. Design and descriptives.

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