Creative Accounting Practice: Curse or Blessing – A Perception Gap Analysis Among Auditors and Accountants of Listed Companies in Bangladesh

2023

Preprint

Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic fever that is awfully infectious through infected rodents in themastomysnatalensis species that are complex reservoirs capable of excreting the virus through their urine, saliva, excreta and otherbody fluids to man. The virus is a single stranded RNA virus belonging to the arenaviridae family. It presents no definite signs orsymptoms and clinical analysis is often problematic especially at the early onset of the disease. Accurate diagnosis requires highlyspecialized laboratories, which are expensive and not readily available to the entire populace. Early diagnosis and treatment of Lassafever is very vital for survival. In this study, we identified that fuzzy logic and rule-based techniques are the only artificialintelligence supported approach that has been used to develop an expert system for diagnosing the dreaded Lassa fever as analternative to laboratory methodology. It is noted that rule-based is not an efficient technique in the designing expert systems basedon its shortcomings such as opaque relations between rules, ineffective search strategy, and its inability to learn; while the fuzzybased technique does not also support the ability to learn but good in areas such as knowledge representation, uncertainty tolerance,imprecision tolerance, and explanation ability. Based on these information gathered, the authors decided to design a hybridizedintelligent framework driven by the integration of Neural Network (NN), Fuzzy logic (FL) and Case Based Reasoning (CBR) basedon their individual strengths put together in order to proffer a quick and reliable diagnosis for Lassa fever infection using observedclinical symptoms that could aid medical practitioners in decision making.

“…Breast Cancer [19]. BIRADS classification schemes to Fuzzy radiologist and others in clinical diagnosis.…”

Section: Threshold Neuromentioning

confidence: 99%

Based on Observed Symptoms, a Neuro-Fuzzy CaseBased Reasoning Framework for Detecting Lassa Fever

2023

Preprint

“…Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), was invented by J-S Jang [18]. The ANFIS executes a Sugeno -type fuzzy inference system, where the fuzzy rules can be described by the following form:…”

Section: Adaptive-network-based Fuzzy Inference System (Anfis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Models' Most General Intelligent Architectures

2023

Preprint

Hybrid systems of the fuzzy logic and neural networks, are widely spread in real world problems with high effectivenessand versatility for different kinds of applications. The state description of unknown plant by using mathematical models, sometimes,is difficult to obtain. The fuzzy logic systems with their ability of tackling imprecise knowledges, and neural networks with theiradvantages of establishing a relationship between the inputs and the outputs of the system, are represented as qualified tools forsystems of unknown plant. Furthermore, the hybrid systems which utilize the features of the fuzzy logic and Neural networks hasbeen employed for better characteristics. Whilst, there are several different architectures of the neuro-fuzzy system proposed inliterature, this article come out to highlight the common known architectures of how these techniques fuse together to build anenhanced system that can complement the lack of each method individually and improve the system performance over all.

“…Devices. [3] The different norms those deal cybersecurity of critical infrastructures are: NIST 800-53, IEEE P 1686, NERC CIP, ISO 27K, IEC 62443, CIGRE D2.22 and ISA 99 [4,15]. The security of control must ensure availability, integrity and confidentiality; 1) Availability; increase plant availability through prevention or reduction of faults caused by attacks or malware.…”

Section: Defense In Depth Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a Defense in Depth Strategy to Protect Critical Infrastructure Industrial Control Systems

2023

Preprint

The goal of this communication is to examine the implementation of defense in depth strategy to secure the industrialcontrol systems (ICS) from threats, hackers, vandals and other ones that can damage the critical infrastructures (gas transportationnetwork, power transmission network, power generation, power distribution grids, air traffic, petrochemical industries, rail traffic,military industries) and others big infrastructures that affect large number of persons and security of nations [1]. The defense in depthconcept ensures the physical access protection of the infrastructure, using network access control system (NAC) and traditionalsecurity measures, and implements policies and procedures that deal training and cybersecurity awareness programs, risk assessment(analyzing and documenting), and the plan of security. The philosophy of defense in depth uses also the IT technologies in order toensure separation and segmentations of the networks to the VLANs, demilitarized zones, VPN, using firewalls, switch and routers.The hardening of different systems installed like routers, firewalls, switches and other devices on the network such as SCADA serversis a very sensitive operation of defense in depth.