Creation of Cadastral Maps of Flooding Based on Numerical Modeling

Abstract

We consider the possibilities of numerical hydrodynamic modeling for the construction of cadastral maps of dangerous flood zones on the example of the Volgograd region. The numerical model is based on shallow water equations and Combined Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics-Total Variation Diminishing (CSPH-TVD) method for integrating hyperbolic differential equations. To create a digital elevation model (DEM), we use an iterative approach, assimilating all available spatial data, including remote sensing data, topographic measurements and observations of flooding in different years. The agreement of the observed data with the numerical simulation results can significantly improve the quality of the DEM. Digital elevation models are based on elevation matrices in increments of 3 to 10 meters, depending on the topography of the study area. The result of our work is a set of maps with flood boundaries for different probabilities of catastrophic events. For each such flood, we calculate the river hydrograph and its integral characteristics.

The Problem of Effective Evacuation of the Population from Floodplains under Threat of Flooding: Algorithmic and Software Support with Shortage of Resources

“…This section is devoted to describing a model for forecasting the hydrological situation in an area that is under the threat of severe flooding. The model is based on shallow water equations [34][35][36]75] and has already been used to solve a wide range of problems related to modeling the hydrological regime as the Northern part of the Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain (NPVAF) and other river systems. This numerical model became the basis for the creation of flood cadastral maps [24], decision-making systems for the socio-economic development of floodplain territories [25], and the implementation expertise of various engineering projects [76].…”

“…Therefore, the algorithms for organizing the safe evacuation of the population of floodplain territories under the conditions of a fairly accurate forecast of the development of floods are of great practical importance [31,32]. The improvement of high-performance computing technologies provides such forecasting and the development of appropriate algorithms has become possible on the basis of interdisciplinary simulations and solving various high-dimensional optimization problems [17,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

“…Finally, since the most important component of evacuation modeling is a hydrodynamic model for forecasting the hydrological regime of a flooded area, we point out the current results of such computer modeling for various water systems [12,16,17,21,23,33,38,71,72]. Modeling of floods near rivers has shown its effectiveness for constructing cadastral maps of water supply [24,36,73]. Numerical models of water dynamics make it possible to better understand the mechanisms of occurrence of catastrophic consequences of floods, for example, for the tragedy in Krymsk (Krasnodar region, Russia) in 2012 [21].…”

Determination of the Boundaries of Flooded Zones Based on Hydrodynamic Modeling

“…Проведено гидродинамическое моделирование затопления территории в окрестностях ряда населенных пунктов Волгоградской области Российской Федерации и Республики Беларусь. Целью проведения серий вычислительных экспериментов является построение кадастровых карт [11], содержащих границы зон затопления при различной водной обеспеченности -1, 3, 5, 10, 25 и 50 % [5]. Величина такой обеспеченности определяется вероятностью возникновения паводка соответствующего уровня.…”

“…Использование геоинформационного и гидродинамического моделирования позволяет получать более точные границы зон и карты затоплений с учетом всех основных физических, топографических, метеорологических, гидрологических и других факторов [9]. Результаты построения такого рода моделей содержат полную временную картину пространственных распределений воды на заданной территории, позволяя также рассчитывать площадь затопления, скорости потока, распределения глубин, характерные времена изменения основных характеристик гидрологического режима [5].…”