Creating multilayer-structured polystyrene composites for enhanced fire safety and electromagnetic shielding

Gao, Caiqin; Shi, Yongqian; Huang, Ruizhe; Feng, Yuezhan; Chen, Yajun; Zhu, Shicheng; Lv, Yuancai; Shui, Wei; Chen, Zhi-xin

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110068

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The conductive network formed by the addition of aMWCNT to the PS matrix provides more pathways for the transmission of electromagnetic waves, which causes the electromagnetic waves that enter the interior of the composite to be absorbed and dissipated [ 56 ]. Increasing the frequency of multiple reflections and the reabsorption of electromagnetic waves promote the capacity of PS composites to absorb electromagnetic waves [ 57 ]. Therefore, the one-dimensional conductive material (i.e., aMWCNT) improves the electromagnetic shielding performance of PS composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic Function between Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardant and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes towards Fire Safe Polystyrene Composites with Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Huang

Gao

Shi

et al. 2022

IJMS

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As a universal polymer material, polystyrene (PS) is widely applied in electrical devices and construction. Thus, it is necessary to improve the flame retardancy and electromagnetic shielding properties of PS material. In this work, PS/silicon-wrapped ammonium polyphosphate/Inorganic acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites (PS/SiAPP/aMWCNT, abbreviated as PAC) were prepared via methods of filtration-induced assembly and hot-pressing. Morphology and structure characterization demonstrated that SiAPP and aMWCNT had good dispersion in PS and excellent compatibility with the PS matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the addition of aMWCNT to PS improved its thermal stability and carbon-forming characteristics. The peak heat release rate, the peak carbon monoxide production rate, and the peak smoke production rate of the PAC10 composite decreased by 53.7%, 41.9%, and 45.5%, respectively, while its electromagnetic shielding effectiveness reached 12 dB. These enhancements were attributed to the reason that SiAPP and aMWCNT synergistically catalyzed the char generation and SiAPP produced free radical scavengers and numbers of incombustible gases, which could decrease the oxygen concentration and retard the combustion reaction. Therefore, the assembled PS/SiAPP/aMWCNT system provides a new pathway to improve the flame retardant and electromagnetic shielding properties of PS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PS spheres were synthesized according to previous literature [ 55 , 57 , 58 ]. Typically, 0.44 g of SDBS and 200 mL of anhydrous ethanol were poured into a 500 mL three-necked flask with mechanical stirring to form solution A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Function between Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardant and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes towards Fire Safe Polystyrene Composites with Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Huang

Gao

Shi

et al. 2022

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…CC testing, which works based on the amount of oxygen (O 2 ) consumed during the combustion of a polymer according to Hugget's principle, [62] is the most common method for determining the FR performance of polymers. [63][64][65][66] Compared to MCC, the CC stimulates large-scale, real-world fire accidents and provides additional vital FR parameters for smoke emission and gas production. As shown in Figure 3B, PUF attained a pHRR of 356 kW m −2 , whereas GNP@PUF demonstrates a pHRR of 99 kW m −2 , representing a 72% decrease.…”

Section: Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanoplatelet Exoskeleton on Polyurethane Foam to Produce Flame‐Retardant, Piezoresistive, and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Surfaces

Weldemhret,

Lee,

M.N.

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Polyurethane foam (PUF)’s porous structure, light weight, flexibility, and low‐cost properties make it useful in various cutting‐edge technologies. However, time‐consuming, costly, and complicated surface modification methods severely hinder its commercial applications. Herein, an ultrafast, simple, and cost‐effective surface modification method based on the evaporation of a low boiling point solvent to prepare a multifunctional graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)‐decorated PUF (GNP@PUF) is proposed. Due to the passive heat barrier of GNP sheets, the resulting sponge exhibits excellent flame retardancy by reducing the critical fire retardancy metrics, that is, peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release by 72%, 50%, and 81%, respectively. In addition, GNP@PUF can function as a piezoresistive sensor and electromagnetic interference (EMI)‐shielding material. As a piezoresistive sensor, it exhibits a wide‐compressive pressure (2.4–112 kPa)/strain (5–70%) range and ultra‐fast response/relaxation time (48/35 ms), wide‐stretching strain (5–100%) range, and it can detect minute human motions by being attached to different parts of the human body. Meanwhile, the composite foam displays good absorption‐dominant EMI shielding performance (≈38 dB), possibly due to conductive dissipation and multiple reflections/scattering of EM waves inside the 3D conductive graphene network. This study provides a simple coating technique for developing multifunctional lightweight foam materials.

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“…SiAPP-NH 2 @Ti 3 C 2 T x was prepared by coating ammonium polyphosphate (APP-NH 2 ) with γ-propyltrimethoxysilane and Ti 3 C 2 T x . Polystyrene composites with good flame retardancy and electromagnetic shielding properties were obtained by adding SiAPP-NH 2 @Ti 3 C 2 T x to prepare PS@C-MWCNT@Ti 3 C 2 T x . Li et al prepared an P–N–Si integrated flame retardant (DGO) by modifying DOPO with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and graphene oxide through mild Mannich and silanization reactions and then made DGO and phenolic resin into a coating material to obtain a multifunctional flame retardant for building insulation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polystyrene composites with good flame retardancy and electromagnetic shielding properties were obtained by adding SiAPP-NH 2 @Ti 3 C 2 T x to prepare PS@C-MWCNT@Ti 3 C 2 T x . 47 Li et al prepared an P–N–Si integrated flame retardant (DGO) by modifying DOPO with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and graphene oxide through mild Mannich and silanization reactions and then made DGO and phenolic resin into a coating material to obtain a multifunctional flame retardant for building insulation. 48 Yuan et al took a lotus leaf as a design inspiration and prepared a hydrophobic porous metal–organic framework (S-FeMOF) that significantly improved the flame retardancy of PS on the basis of their original work, which provided inspiration for the design of a hydrophobic structure and enlightenment for the preparation of multifunctional materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Bifunctional Additives with both Flame Retardant Properties and Antistatic Properties via ATRP

et al. 2022

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Polystyrene (PS) is widely used in our daily life, but it is flammable and produces a large number of toxic gases and hightemperature flue gases in the combustion process, which limit its application. Improving the flame retardancy of PS has become an urgent problem to be solved. In addition, in view of the disadvantage that small-molecule flame retardants can easily migrate from polymers during use, which leads to the gradual reduction of the flame retardant effect or even loss of flame retardant performance, and the outstanding advantages of ATRP technology in polymer structure design and function customization, we used ATRP technology to synthesize the high-molecular-weight bifunctional additive PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEAEMA, which has flame retardant properties and antistatic properties. The chemical structure and molecular weight of PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEAEMA were characterized by FTIR, 1 H NMR, GPC, and XPS. When the addition of PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEAEMA was 15 wt %, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of polystyrene composites was 28.4%, which was 53.51% higher than that of pure polystyrene, the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR) was 37.61% lower than that of pure polystyrene, UL-94 reached V-0 grade, and the flame retardant index (FRI) was 2.98. In addition, when the PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEEMA content is 15 wt %, the surface resistivity and volume resistivity of polystyrene composites are 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of polystyrene. This research work provides a reference for the design of bifunctional and even multifunctional polymers.

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Creating multilayer-structured polystyrene composites for enhanced fire safety and electromagnetic shielding

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Synergistic Function between Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardant and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes towards Fire Safe Polystyrene Composites with Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Synergistic Function between Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardant and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes towards Fire Safe Polystyrene Composites with Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Graphene Nanoplatelet Exoskeleton on Polyurethane Foam to Produce Flame‐Retardant, Piezoresistive, and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Surfaces

Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Bifunctional Additives with both Flame Retardant Properties and Antistatic Properties via ATRP

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