Creating Modernity by Touring Paradise: Domestic Ethnic Tourism in Yunnan, China

The role of self-gentrification in sustainable tourism: Indigenous entrepreneurship at Honghe Hani Rice Terraces World Heritage Site, China

“…Despite booming indigenous tourism in China (Oakes, 1998;Walsh & Swain, 2004), the majority of entrepreneurs in the indigenous tourism sector tend to be Han Chinese migrating from other parts of the country, which increase the economic leakages out of the indigenous region and leads to unsustainability. For example, a study by Yang & Wall (2008) in another indigenous tourism destination in the Yunnan province suggests that Han entrepreneurs dominate tourism business whereas local indigenous people have limited involvement.…”

Ethnic tourism: A framework and an application

“…This is a phenomenon observed in many places: in Bermuda (Manning, 1979), among Cajuns (Esman, 1984), in Bali (McKean, 1989, among Native American Indians (Simpson, 1996), in Malta (Boissevain, 1996), among Malaysians (King, 1993), in Yunnan and Guizhou, China (Hillman, 2003;Li, 2004;Oakes, 1998;Swain, 1989;Walsh & Swain, 2004), in Singapore (Henderson, 2003), and elsewhere. Tourism, then, can provide an important opportunity for ethnic image construction and projection (Roosens, 1989).…”

“…On the other hand, much research reveals the positive consequences of ethnic tourism (Chow, 2005;Harron & Weiler, 1992;Henderson, 2003;Hillman, 2003;Li, 2004;Oakes, 1998;Pitchford, 1995;Swain, 1989Swain, , 1990Walsh & Swain, 2004;Xie, 2001). The common benefits are often economic, including higher incomes, more employment opportunities, and a higher standard of living (Altman, 1988;Johnston, 1990;Smith [1989]; Xie, 2001).…”

‘Sho’t left’: Changing domestic tourism in South Africa

“…Here, the accompanying rapid growth of domestic leisure markets, have been "clearly sizeable" (Ghimire and Li, 2001: 104). The post-1990s forces that have galvanised the enormous expansion of domestic tourism in China, the patterns and current tends of tourism flows, local impacts and national government policy initiatives towards the domestic tourism industry are several of the key threads in an expanding corpus of research and writings concerning the country's burgeoning domestic tourism economy (Wen, 1997;Xu, 1998Xu, , 1999Wu et al, 2000;Cai et al, 2001;Ghimire and Li, 2001;Aramberri and Xie, 2003;Gu and Liu, 2004;Xie and Xu, 2004;Walsh and Swain, 2004;Wang, 2004;Wang and Qu, 2004).…”