Craniofacial vertical bone augmentation: A comparison between 3D printed monolithic monetite blocks and autologous onlay grafts in the rabbit

Abstract

a b s t r a c tOnlay autografting is amongst the most predictable techniques for craniofacial vertical bone augmentation, however, complications related to donor site surgery are common and synthetic alternatives to onlay autografts are desirable. Recent studies have shown that the acidic calcium phosphates, brushite and monetite, are osteoconductive, osteinductive and resorb faster in vivo than hydroxyapatite. Moreover, they can be 3D printed allowing precise host bone-implant specific conformation. The objectives of this study were to confirm that craniofacial screw fixation of 3D printed monetite blocks was possible and to compare the resulting vertical bone augmentation with autograft. 3D printed monolithic monetite onlay implants were fixed with osteosynthesis screws on the calvarial bone surface of New Zealand rabbits. After 8 weeks, integration between the implant and the calvarial bone surface was observed in all cases. Histomorphometry revealed that 42% of the monetite was resorbed and that the new bone formed within the implant occupied 43% of its volume, sufficient for immediate dental implant placement. Bone tissue within the autologous onlay occupied 60% of the volume. We observed that patterns of regeneration within the implants differed throughout the material and we purpose that the cause was the anatomy and blood supply pattern in the region. Rapid prototyped monetite being resorbable osteoconductive and osteoinductive would appear to be a promising biomaterial for many bone regeneration strategies.

Development of a bioactive implant for repair and potential healing of cranial defects

“…Cer tain ceramic phases such as monetite, brushite and bTCP, have in previous studies shown convincing osteoconduc tive properties, and for monetite, osteoinductive proper ties, and may be preferred choices for use in bone repair. 7,22 Conversely, these ceramic materials may resorb too quick ly to allow for desired coupled bone formation. The ad dition of bPPi may be critical for prolonging resorption rate, allowing sufficient time for coupled bone formation to occur, and thereby realizing the implant's potential for bioactivity.…”

The effect of electromagnetic heating frequencies on CaHPO4 coatings deposited on the C/C by induction heating deposition technology

“…In addition, they can be resorbed and rapidly in-situ be replaced by new bone, resulting in directly fixing to bone surfaces. Thus, monetite shows its potential as a bone regeneration material [13][14][15]. However, the mechanical strength properties of monetite ceramics are poorer than those of natural bone, limiting their applications in load-bearing sites.…”

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an injectable premixed calcium phosphate cement; cell viability and immunological response from rat

“…Precipitation of these phases occurs and nano-and micrometer sized crystals are formed. Both apatite and brushite systems have been successful in vivo, (Turner et al, 2008;Apelt et al, 2004;Tamimi et al, 2009a) and in clinical studies (Ryf et al, 2009;Larsson and Bauer, 2002) and there are several commercial products on the market intended for various orthopaedic applications . However, there are still properties that can be improved for the CPCs.…”