Craniofacial structure of Japanese and European-American adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces

Miyajima, Kuniaki; McNamara, James A.; Kimura, Tomio; Murata, Satoru; Iizuka, Tetsuo

doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(96)70047-1

Cited by 225 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Facial frontal and profile photographs of 170 individuals were obtained in a natural head position (NHP) [5], which is defined as the physiological head position obtained by a relaxed individual when looking at a reference point ahead, herein represented by the individual's eyes reflected in a mirror, centric relation, and relaxed lip posture [6]. A panel of judges was made which consisted of 20 laymen.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Soft Tissue Norms for the North Indian Population Based on Laymen Perception

Gupta¹,

Garg²,

Anand

et al. 2012

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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In this study we aimed to determine the soft tissue norms for the North Indian population based on the laymen perception of facial esthetics and to test the hypothesis that there are racial differences in cephalometric measurement between North Indians and White Americans norms. Two sets (Facial frontal and profile photographs) of 170 standardized facial photographs (76 males and 94 females in the age group of 18-28 years) were taken. A panel of judges which consisted of 20 laymen evaluated the photographs on the visual analogue scale to select a sample of 120 subjects (60 males and 60 females), which included individuals with esthetically pleasing appearance. Digital lateral cephalograms were made and anatomic landmarks were identified directly on the digital images. Seventeen soft tissue variables taken from Subtenley's, Holdaway's, Ricketts and Legan's analysis were calculated electronically using the Dolphin (version 9) software package. Most measurements were similar to the white American norms, some differences were noticed in nasal prominence, basic upper lip thickness, and 'H' angle measurements. The independent-sample t test was used to compare the measurement differences of the North Indian men and women. North Indian males have relatively prominent and thicker upper lip, and increased basic upper lip thickness than the females. Lower lip was found to be more protrusive in females than in males.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Soft Tissue Norms for the North Indian Population Based on Laymen Perception

Gupta¹,

Garg²,

Anand

et al. 2012

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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“…All together, we found that an anteriorinclined mandibular corpus and inclined incisors were linked to a smaller distance between the surfaces of the upper lip and the teeth as well as to a more protruded lip shape. Miyajima et al (1996) have reported that Japanese have more protruded labia and a less prominent chin than EuropeanAmericans. Similar differences were also observed between Mexican-and European-Americans (Vela et al, 2011).…”

Section: Lipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orthodontists have examined worldwide ethnic groups to establish the cephalometric norms for each group (Cotton et al, 1951;Nanda and Nanda, 1969;Richardson, 1980;Bacon et al, 1983;Bishara et al, 1990;Swlerenga et al, 1994;Hwang et al, 2001). The cephalometric features of Japanese have also been well studied and compared with those of other populations (Miura et al, 1965;Uesato et al, 1978;Miyajima et al, 1996;Alcalde et al, 1998Alcalde et al, , 2000Hayashi et al, 2012;Ahsan et al, 2013). These studies indicate that some facial features are characteristics of Japanese; for example, Japanese have, on average, a larger facial height, more protruded labia, and a less prominent chin compared with European-Americans (Miyajima et al, 1996), and a smaller nasolabial angle even compared with Chinese (Gu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cephalometric features of Japanese have also been well studied and compared with those of other populations (Miura et al, 1965;Uesato et al, 1978;Miyajima et al, 1996;Alcalde et al, 1998Alcalde et al, , 2000Hayashi et al, 2012;Ahsan et al, 2013). These studies indicate that some facial features are characteristics of Japanese; for example, Japanese have, on average, a larger facial height, more protruded labia, and a less prominent chin compared with European-Americans (Miyajima et al, 1996), and a smaller nasolabial angle even compared with Chinese (Gu et al, 2011). However, the cephalometric norms of the Ryukyu Islanders, which are fundamental information for local orthodontists, have not yet been reported even though their facial features are known to be different from those of the mainland Japanese as discussed above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative study of craniofacial measurements between Ryukyuan and mainland Japanese females using lateral cephalometric images

Yamauchi

Kimura

Kawaguchi

et al. 2016

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Using lateral cephalometric images, we compared the skeletal and soft tissue configurations of Ryukyuan and mainland Japanese females. We collected lateral cephalometric images of 30 females each from Okinawa Island and mainland Japan. Sixty landmarks were plotted on each image. Then, based on the coordinates of the landmarks, 68 distances and 34 angles were calculated according to orthodontic and anthropometric methods. We confirmed that the Ryukyuans have a smaller height in the upper and midfacial region than the mainland Japanese. Moreover, our findings indicate that, compared with the mainland Japanese females, the Ryukyuan females clearly have the following features: (1) a shallower mandibular notch, (2) an anterior-inclined symphysis of mandible, and (3) a smaller depth from upper lip to incisors. We also found that an anterior-inclined mandibular corpus and incisors are associated with a smaller distance between the surfaces of the upper lip and teeth and with a more protruded lip shape.

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“…Alcalde et al 2 reported that Japanese living in Japan, have different expectations regarding the treatment of those living in other regions of the world, due to their social differences and cultural influences. Still, Miyajima et al 19 reported the revival of a sense of ethnic pride, especially in big cities. Besides, patient demands have increased in the search of an exclusive orthodontic treatment, which is based on standards derived from their race or specific ethnic group.…”

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients

Fernandes

Pinzan

Sathler

et al. 2013

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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Objective: To determine the normality mean values in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements of young Japanese-Brazilian, with normal occlusion and compare the results of the variables with compatible samples of young Caucasians and Mongoloids. Methods: Forty radiographs of young Caucasians, 32 of Japanese-Brazilians and 33 of Mongoloids were used. The three samples presented individuals with normal occlusion and well-balanced face. The samples were divided by gender due to the soft tissue characteristics and to facilitate comparison. The following statistical tests were performed: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with p < 0.05. Results:The Japanese-Brazilian sample of females showed thinner soft tissues in the nasion region and smaller nose when compared to the Caucasians. The Mongoloid sample showed thinner tissues in the supramentonian and pogonion regions. In males, the Japanese-Brazilians had thinner tissues in the nasion region; thicker lower lip and supramentonian region in comparison to the Caucasian sample. For the Mongoloid, soft tissue was thicker in the glabella and ANS-Sn regions. Conclusion: It is necessary to use specific soft tissue standards for this mixed race. Keywords: Ethnic groups. Reference values. Orthodontics.Objetivo: determinar os valores médios de normalidade das grandezas cefalométricas tegumentares de jovens mestiços nipo-brasileiros com oclusão normal, e compará-los com amostras compatíveis de jovens brasileiros leucodermas e xantodermas. Métodos: foram utilizadas 40 telerradiografias de jovens leucodermas, 32 de nipo-brasileiros e 33 de xantodermas. As três amostras apresentavam indivíduos com oclusão normal e face bem balanceada. As amostras foram divididas por sexo devido às características do tecido mole e para facilitar a comparação. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos análise de variância a um critério (ANOVA) e a análise de covariância (ANCOVA) com p < 0,05. Resultados: a amostra nipo-brasileira para o sexo feminino apresentou menor espessura na região do násio e menor nariz em relação aos leucodermas. Em relação à amostra xantoderma, menor espessura na região supramentoniana e pogônio. No sexo masculino, os nipo-brasileiros apresentaram menor espessura na região do násio, maior espessura do lábio inferior e da região supramentoniana em relação à amostra leucoderma. Em relação aos xantodermas, maior espessura na região da glabela e da ENA-Sn. Conclusão: verificou-se a necessidade de se utilizar normas de tecido mole específicas para essa raça miscigenada.Palavras-chave: Grupos étnicos. Valores de referência. Ortodontia.

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Craniofacial structure of Japanese and European-American adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces

Cited by 225 publications

References 18 publications

Establishment of Soft Tissue Norms for the North Indian Population Based on Laymen Perception

Establishment of Soft Tissue Norms for the North Indian Population Based on Laymen Perception

A comparative study of craniofacial measurements between Ryukyuan and mainland Japanese females using lateral cephalometric images

Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients

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