Cranial synchondroses of primates at birth

Smith, Timothy D.; Reynolds, Rebecca; Mano, Nanami; Wood, Brody; Oladipupo, Lanre; Hughes, Gabriel K; Corbin, Hayley M.; Taylor, Jane; Ufelle, Alexander C.; Burrows, Anne M.; Durham, Emily L.; Vinyard, Christopher J.; Cray, James J.; DeLeon, Valerie B.

doi:10.1002/ar.24521

Cited by 9 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(163 reference statements)

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“…Baume (1968) did examine SES at different prenatal stages and at birth, and revealed this site becomes a fibrous joint (i.e., collagenous and non-cartilaginous) at birth in humans (hence he prefers "suture"), in contrast to rats (in which it is an active cartilaginous growth center). Recently, we demonstrated a fibrous SES is also seen in at least several species of Old and New World monkeys at birth (e.g., Papio anubis, Saguinus oedipus; Smith et al 2021a). In strepsirrhines, cartilage at this joint persists at birth, but it is not organized into proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocyte zones (Smith et al 2021a).…”

Section: The Role Of Synchondroses In Sphenoid Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Recently, we demonstrated a fibrous SES is also seen in at least several species of Old and New World monkeys at birth (e.g., Papio anubis, Saguinus oedipus; Smith et al 2021a). In strepsirrhines, cartilage at this joint persists at birth, but it is not organized into proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocyte zones (Smith et al 2021a). Thus, SES may contribute quite differently to basicranial growth than other midline synchondroses.…”

Section: The Role Of Synchondroses In Sphenoid Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Within the sphenoid, there are at least two midline synchondroses, the sphenooccipital synchondrosis (SOS; between basioccipital and basisphenoid) and the intrasphenoidal synchondrosis (ISS, between the basi-and presphenoid). A third joint, the sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis (SES), may intervene between the developing presphenoid and ethmoid; however, its tissue composition may vary among mammals (Smith et al 2021a). Tissue level studies are required to discern the characteristics that denote growth within synchondroses, and these are well studied in rodent animal models (e.g., Durham et al 2017;Yoon et al 2019).…”

Section: The Role Of Synchondroses In Sphenoid Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our understanding of how and when these joints influence basicranial and overall craniofacial form are based on very few tissue-level observations. We recently studied basicranial joints in a broad array of non-human primates at birth (Smith et al 2021a), and established that up to eight of these have characteristics indicating active growth (see below). Histological evidence across age exists for humans, a few primates, and various non-primates (e.g., Baume 1968;Hoyte 1973;Melsen 1974Melsen , 1977Heinkele et al 1989;Kjaer 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been little focus on postembryonic prenatal development of the lateral parts of the sphenoid in non-human primates until recently (Smith et al 2021a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chondrocranial key: Fetal and perinatal morphogenesis of the sphenoid bone in primates

Mano¹,

Wood²,

Oladipupo³

et al. 2021

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The sphenoid bone articulates with multiple basicranial, facial, and calvarial bones, and in humans its synchondroses are known to contribute to elongation of the skull base and possibly to cranial base angulation. Its early development (embryological, early fetal) has frequently been studied in a comparative context. However, the perinatal events in morphogenesis of the sphenoid have been explored in very few primates. Using a cross-sectional age sample of non-human primates (n=39; 22 platyrrhines; 17 strepsirrhines), we used microcomputed tomographic (µCT) and histological methods to track age changes in the sphenoid bone. In the midline, the sphenoid expands its dimensions at three growth centers, including the sphenooccipital, intrasphenoidal (ISS) and presphenoseptal (PSept) synchondroses. Bilaterally, the alisphenoid is enlarged via appositional bone growth that radiates outward from cartilaginous parts of the alisphenoid during midfetal stages. The alisphenoid remains connected to the basitrabecular process of the basisphenoid via the alibasisphenoidal synchondrosis (ABS). Reactivity to proliferating cell-nuclear antigen is observed in all synchondroses, indicating active growth perinatally. Between mid-fetal and birth ages in Saguinus geoffroyi, all synchondroses decrease in the breadth of proliferating columns of chondrocytes. In most primates, the ABS is greatly diminished by birth, and is likely the earliest to fuse, although at least some cartilage may remain by at least one-month of age. Unlike humans, no non-human primate in our sample exhibits perinatal fusion of ISS. A dichotomy among primates is the orientation of the ABS, which is more rostrally directed in platyrrhines. Based on fetal Saguinus geoffroyi specimens, the ABS was initially oriented within a horizontal plane, and redirects inferiorly during late fetal and perinatal stages. These changes occur in tandem with forward orientation of the orbits in platyrrhines, combined with downward growth of the midface. Thus, we postulate that active growth centers direct the orientation of the midface and orbit before birth.

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Section: The Role Of Synchondroses In Sphenoid Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: The Role Of Synchondroses In Sphenoid Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: The Role Of Synchondroses In Sphenoid Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been little focus on postembryonic prenatal development of the lateral parts of the sphenoid in non-human primates until recently (Smith et al 2021a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The chondrocranial key: Fetal and perinatal morphogenesis of the sphenoid bone in primates

Mano¹,

Wood²,

Oladipupo³

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Midline growth of the sphenoid bone in primates: A histological and microcomputed tomography study

Wood

Oladipupo

Mano

et al. 2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives:The aim of the present study is to broaden our knowledge of the ontogeny of cranial base cartilaginous joints in primates. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional age sample of 66 specimens from four platyrrhine and three strepsirrhine genera were studied using microcomputed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Specimens were segmented, reconstructed, and measured using Amira software. Ontogenetic scaling of palatal, presphenoid, and basisphenoid length relative to cranial length was examined using standardized major axis regression. After histological sectioning, selected specimens were examined using immunohistochemistry of antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen.Results: Our results support the hypothesis that the presphenoid in platyrrhines grows more rapidly compared with strepsirrhines, but this study establishes that most or all of this growth discrepancy occurs prenatally, and mostly at the presphenoseptal synchondrosis (PSept). All species have prolonged patency (here meaning absence of any bony bridging across the synchondrosis) of the intrasphenoidal and sphenooccipital synchondroses (ISS). However, immunohistochemical results suggest growth is only rapid throughout infancy, and mitotic activity is slowing during juvenile ages.The same is indicated for the PSept.Discussion: These results demonstrate that platyrrhines and strepsirrhines do not follow the pattern of early fusion of ISS seen in humans. In addition, these primates have a more prolonged patency and growth at PSept compared with humans. Finally, results reveal that in bushbabies and tamarins, as in humans, synchondroses remain cartilaginous for a prolonged period after chondrocyte proliferation has slowed or ceased. In light of these results, it is time to reassess related processes, such as differences in timing of brain expansion.

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A human craniofacial life‐course: Cross‐sectional morphological covariations during postnatal growth, adolescence, and aging

Jeffery

Humphreys

Manson

2021

The Anatomical Record

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Cranial synchondroses of primates at birth

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

The chondrocranial key: Fetal and perinatal morphogenesis of the sphenoid bone in primates

The chondrocranial key: Fetal and perinatal morphogenesis of the sphenoid bone in primates

Midline growth of the sphenoid bone in primates: A histological and microcomputed tomography study

A human craniofacial life‐course: Cross‐sectional morphological covariations during postnatal growth, adolescence, and aging

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