Crack cocaine use increases the incidence of AIDS-defining events in French Guiana

Nacher, Mathieu; Adenis, Antoine; Hanf, Matthieu; Adriouch, Leïla; Vantilcke, Vincent; Guedj, Myriam El; Vaz, Tânia; Dufour, Julie; Couppié, Pierre

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e32833147c2

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…8 Crack cocaine use remains common among HIVinfected persons in some urban settings 9 and is known to contribute to the spread of HIV through high-risk sexual behaviors. 10,11 In HIV-infected persons, crack cocaine use is associated with irregular engagement in outpatient care, 9,12 reduced antiretroviral adherence, 13,14 accelerated HIV disease progression, [15][16][17][18] and a greater risk of AIDS-related death. 15 Symptoms of mental illness commonly affect HIV-infected crack cocaine users 19 and may additionally compromise access to and retention in HIV primary care as well as medication adherence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Antiretroviral Utilization Among Hospitalized HIV-Infected Crack Cocaine Users

Doshi

Vogenthaler

Lewis

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected drug users, particularly crack cocaine users, continue to have high HIV-related morbidity and mortality. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data for hospitalized HIV-infected crack cocaine users recruited for Project HOPE (Hospital Visit Is an Opportunity for Prevention and Engagement with HIV-Positive Crack Users) in Atlanta and Miami who were eligible for ART (reported any lifetime use of ART or CD4 <350 cells/μl). Among 350 eligible participants, whose mean age was 44.9 years (SD 7.0), 49% were male, 90% were black, and 81% were heterosexual. The median CD4 count was 144 cells/μl, and 78 of 350 (22%) were taking ART. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression to examine individual, interpersonal, and structural factors as potential correlates of ART use. Reporting ≥2 visits to outpatient HIV care in the past 6 months (AOR 7.55, 95% CI 3.80-14.99), drug or alcohol treatment in the past 6 months (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.06-4.94), and study site being Miami (AOR 2.99, 95% CI 1.56-5.73) were associated with ART use. Current homelessness (AOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.84) and CD4 <200 cells/μl (AOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.15-0.55) were negatively associated with ART use. Among those taking ART, 60% had an HIV-1 viral load <400 copies/ml; this represented 9% of the eligible population. For HIV-infected crack cocaine users, structural factors may be as important as individual and interpersonal factors in facilitating ART utilization. Few HIV(+) crack cocaine users had viral suppression, but among those on ART, viral suppression was achievable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Antiretroviral Utilization Among Hospitalized HIV-Infected Crack Cocaine Users

Doshi

Vogenthaler

Lewis

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…5. In two separate Cox proportional hazard analyses of untreated patients and those taking HARRT, HIV-1 viral load was significantly higher among patients addicted to cocaine after adjusting for age, sex, and CD4 (Nacher et al, 2009). 6.…”

Section: Drugs Of Abuse Can Increase Plasma Hiv Load In Men and Non-pmentioning

confidence: 96%

Potential impact of drugs of abuse on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

et al. 2011

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“…Adherence declined 41% among active cocaine users, which was associated with failure to maintain viral suppression (Arnsten et al, 2002). In addition to an observed association with CD4 T-cell count (Duncan R, 2007), crack cocaine was significantly associated with a higher level of HIV-1 RNA (Baum et al, 2009), and more AIDS-defining illnesses (Nacher et al, 2009). Additionally, exposure of an individual to drugs of abuse, viral infection, and a multitude of other factors can result in epigenetic modifications to their genes and integrated viral genes, prompting further study into the interaction between these pathologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Epigenetics, Drugs of Abuse, and the Retroviral Promoter

Shirazi

Shah

Sagar

et al. 2013

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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Drug abuse alone has been shown to cause epigenetic changes in brain tissue that have been shown to play roles in addictive behaviors. In conjunction with HIV-1 infection, it can cause epigenetic changes at the viral promoter that can result in altered gene expression, and exacerbate disease progression overall. This review entails an in-depth look at research conducted on the epigenetic effects of three of the most widely abused drugs (cannabinoids, opioids, and cocaine), with a particular focus on the mechanisms through which these drugs interact with HIV-1 infection at the viral promoter. Here we discuss the impact of this interplay on disease progression from the point of view of the nature of gene regulation at the level of chromatin accessibility, chromatin remodeling, and nucleosome repositioning. Given the importance of chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation in controlling the retroviral promoter, and the high susceptibility of the drug abusing population of individuals to HIV infection, it would be beneficial to understand the way in which the host genome is modified and regulated by drugs of abuse.

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Crack cocaine use increases the incidence of AIDS-defining events in French Guiana

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Correlates of Antiretroviral Utilization Among Hospitalized HIV-Infected Crack Cocaine Users

Correlates of Antiretroviral Utilization Among Hospitalized HIV-Infected Crack Cocaine Users

Potential impact of drugs of abuse on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Epigenetics, Drugs of Abuse, and the Retroviral Promoter

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