CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides augment and switch the immune responses of cattle to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D*1

The efficacy of CpG oligodinucleotides, in combination with conventional adjuvants, as immunological adjuvants to swine streptococcic septicemia vaccine in piglets in vivo

“…The data here indicated that GpC ODN had not adjuvant effect. This was in accordance with previous results [32][33][34].…”

“…In the present experiments, we did observe that CpG formulated in Em or alum induced a significantly stronger antibody response after boost, by production of higher quantities of antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies in comparison with either alum or Em or CpG ODN alone, thus indicating that the two compounds together elicit an additive antibody response in piglets. Our observation was in accordance with previous findings [34,41,42].…”

“…CpG ODN-induced protection of mice against challenge with various pathogens was sustained past 5 weeks if the ODN was formulated in compounds, such as alum, that provided a sustained release [40]. Several reports have shown that co-administration of alum with CpG ODN and antigen leads to enhancement of biological activity of CpG ODN and strong stimulation of both Th1-and Th2-type immune responses in mice and other animal species [34,41,42]. Formulation in emulsigen has also been shown to enhance CpG ODN adjuvanticity in the form of enhanced immune response to a BHV-1 subunit vaccine in both cattle and sheep [7,8].…”

In vivo effects of oligodeoxynucleotides containing synthetic immunostimulatory motifs in weaned piglets

“…These results were consistent with the Rankin et al's findings that CpG ODN 2135 could augment the immune response in dose-dependent manner in cattle [36].…”

The Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein D plus Emulsigen Are Increased by Formulation with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides

“…However, despite the promising results in mice, BHV-1 tgD formulated with CpG ODN and alum induced similar immune responses to tgD formulated with CpG ODN alone and failed to completely protect calves from BHV-1 challenge (35). In addition, BHV-1 subunit vaccines formulated with Freund incomplete adjuvant also failed to protect calves from BHV-1 challenge (18).…”