Cow dung is an ideal fermentation medium for amylase production in solid-state fermentation by Bacillus cereus

Abstract

Amylase production by Bacillus cereus IND4 was investigated by solid state fermentation (SSF) using cow dung substrate. The SSF conditions were optimized by using one-variable-at-a-time approach and two level full factorial design. Two level full factorial design demonstrated that moisture, pH, fructose, yeast extract and ammonium sulphate have significantly influenced enzyme production (p < 0.05). A central composite design was employed to investigate the optimum concentration of these variables affecting amylase production. Maximal amylase production of 464 units/ml of enzyme was observed in the presence of 100% moisture, 0.1% fructose and 0.01% ammonium sulphate. The enzyme production increased three fold compared to the original medium. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of amylase were found to be 8.0 and 50 °C, respectively. This enzyme was highly stable at wide pH range (7.0–9.0) and showed 32% enzyme activity after initial denaturation at 50 °C for 1 h. This is the first detailed report on the production of amylase by microorganisms using cow dung as the low cost medium.

Amylase Production from Thermophilic Bacillus sp. BCC 021-50 Isolated from a Marine Environment

“…Amylase concentration significantly changed with the initial pH values, and the maximum yield was found at pH 8.0 and activity decreased with increasing pH values. Amylase production from Bacillus cereus under solid-state fermentation was reported in alkaline pH [31]. In contrast to our results, Dar et al [29] obtained maximum amylase concentration in acidic pH (6.00) from Penicillium chrysogenum.…”

Goat dung as a feedstock for hyper-production of amylase from Glutamicibacter arilaitensis strain ALA4

“…The enzyme was found stable up to pH 6.0-10.0 for 4 h of incubation, indicating one of the most important characteristics of this isolate. The finding of this study showed superiority to the previous reports of Aygan et al (2008) and Vijayaraghavan et al (2015) who demonstrated the stability of crude amylase up to pH 9.0 and 8.0, respectively, from the respective isolates. The alkali-tolerant property of amylases from strain ALA4 for a longer period proved the isolate to be a potent source for varied biotechnological application, as suggested by Pal and Khanum (2010) too.…”

“…The utilization of soluble starch for the production of reasonable amount of extracellular amylase was previously reported by Tiwari et al (2014) and Khusro and Aarti (2015). In contrary to this, Narang and Satyanarayana (2001), and Vijayaraghavan et al (2015) demonstrated the increased amylase yield in the presence of lactose and fructose, respectively, from respective bacterial sources. In the present investigation, among eight nitrogen sources tested, yeast extract (organic nitrogen source) depicted the maximum yield of extracellular amylase.…”

“…Recently, few investigations had already reported the overwhelming yield of amylases from distinct bacterial sources using unique organic wastes viz. cassava bagasse (Ray and Kar 2009), cow dung (Vijayaraghavan et al 2015), potato starchy wastes (Abd-Elhalem et al 2015), and organic chicken wastes (Hasan et al 2017). But study on the utilization of goat dung as feedstock for the successful production of amylase is not evidenced so far.…”

“…SSF is a useful technique for the biosynthesis of enzymes and other metabolites in bacteria through the biorefineries of organic solid wastes. The organic wastes such as banana peel (Sajjad and Choudhry 2012), cow dung (Vijayaraghavan et al 2015), brewery waste (Blanco et al 2016), and kitchen wastes (Awodun et al 2007) were recently used as promising substrates for the production of extracellular amylases. In spite of this, the quest of a novel, inexpensive, and easily available substrate for the hyperproduction of amylases from new bacterial sources is a continuous process.…”