COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Pneumonitis, Myositis and Myopericarditis

Abstract

A 63-year-old male, with no significant past history and not on any regular medications previously, had mild respiratory symptoms post the first dose of the AstraZeneca (Cambridge, England) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, which were self-limiting. Following the second dose of the vaccine, he arrived at the emergency department (ED) with worsening shortness of breath.During this admission, he was assumed to have interstitial lung disease due to a possible past history of occupational exposure. He responded to a short-term course of corticosteroids and antibiotics and was discharged home.However, he reported again to the emergency department three weeks later, with persistent dyspnoea along with myalgia. His blood tests and imaging from scans suggested myositis, pneumonitis, and myopericarditis. Since he recently had the COVID-19 AstraZeneca vaccine, it was postulated as the most likely cause of the symptoms. He was managed with intravenous (IV) corticosteroids followed by oral corticosteroids with symptom resolution.

Thrombocytopenia and pneumonitis associated with BNT16B2b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: A case report

“…With the increase in the administration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines worldwide, several adverse reactions have been reported. Vaccination-induced pneumonitis seems to be rare, and to the best of our knowledge, only five cases have been reported so far ( Table 1 ) ( Yoshifuji et al, 2022 , Park et al, 2022 , Farooq et al, 2022 , So et al, 2022 ). In three cases, pneumonitis appeared within a few days after administration of the second dose, and patients experienced fever, cough, and dyspnea.…”

“…Accumulated case reports have revealed several adverse effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. Although thrombocytopenia is relatively common, vaccination-induced pneumonitis is rare, with only five cases reported to date ( Yoshifuji et al, 2022 , Park et al, 2022 , Farooq et al, 2022 , So et al, 2022 ). Here we report the case of a patient who developed thrombocytopenia and pneumonitis concurrently after receiving a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.…”

Polymyositis: The Comet Tail After COVID-19

“…It was reported in the initial cohort that 19% of patients with COVID-19 had inflammatory polymyositis, as evident by raised CPK [ 12 ]. Several cases of inflammatory polymyositis and rhabdomyolysis have been reported in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination [ 1 ].…”

“…Viruses have been linked to the initiation and modulation of immune responses in various autoimmune rheumatic illnesses. However, the processes by which viruses and autoimmune disorders interact remain unknown [ 1 ]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was once assumed to be a pulmonary ailment, is now considered a multisystemic disease that manifests differently in different patients and has a variable outcome [ 2 ].…”

Myopericarditis After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Patient With Recent History of COVID-19

“…The majority of cases have been reported after receiving the second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and in young males [9]. Myopericarditis has been also reported after the non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccine such as the AstraZeneca vaccine [10]. A case of a 30-year-old male who developed myopericarditis after the second dose of the Pfizer vaccine has been reported.…”