COVID‐19 vaccine causing Guillain‐Barre syndrome, a rare potential side effect

Abstract

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COVID-19 phase 4 vaccine candidates, effectiveness on SARS-CoV-2 variants, neutralizing antibody, rare side effects, traditional and nano-based vaccine platforms: a review

“…According to multiple case reports, most of the symptoms for myocarditis arise within 1–4 days after the first or second dose vaccination of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Younger males , 12–29 years, are predominantly affected; however, a 56-year-old case was also reported with previously SARS-CoV-2 infection but was healthy at the time of vaccination (Maron et al 2021 ; McLean and Johnson 2021 ; Patrignani et al 2021 ; Snapiri et al 2021 ). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was an effective tool for the diagnosis of myocarditis.…”

“…There were two parts to the Phase 1/2 clinical studies, Part A and B. Inovio recruited 40 healthy adults for part A, aged 19–50, to test the safety and immunological response of the vaccination in South Korea (Phase I/II Study of Intracutaneous Inoculation of COVID-19 DNA Vaccine (AG0302-COVID19) 2021 ). In the various field of therapeutics, including therapy of cancer (Fioretti et al 2014 ), infectious disease (Maslow 2017 ), allergies (Scheiblhofer et al 2018 ), and autoimmune diseases (Zhang and Nandakumar 2018 ), DNA vaccines can be applied. FDA and USDA have authorized vaccinations against canine melanoma and West Nile Virus in horses for veterinary use only; there are currently no fully approved DNA vaccines for human use (Atherton et al 2016 ; Dauphin and Zientara 2007 ).…”

“…The cases are mild and temporarily exist but can cause severe effects on adolescents. Pleuritic chest pain, dyspnoea, or palpitations are the symptoms that can be noticed especially in younger children with myocarditis besides, epigastric pain, profuse sweating, tachycardia, hypotension can also be observed in some cases (Albert et al 2021 ; Hasnie et al 2021 ; Maron et al 2021 ; McLean and Johnson 2021 ; Patrignani et al 2021 ; Snapiri et al 2021 ; Vogel 2021 ). According to multiple case reports, most of the symptoms for myocarditis arise within 1–4 days after the first or second dose vaccination of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273.…”

“…Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was an effective tool for the diagnosis of myocarditis. Elevated troponin level was reported in almost every case; in some cases, creative protein and creatine kinase, CK-MB, and B-type natriuretic peptide levels were also reported higher (Albert et al 2021 ; Hasnie et al 2021 ; Maron et al 2021 ; McLean and Johnson 2021 ; Patrignani et al 2021 ; Snapiri et al 2021 ). Different drugs were introduced to treat and elevate the symptoms of myocarditis.…”

“…Different drugs were introduced to treat and elevate the symptoms of myocarditis. Aspirin, colchicine, ibuprofen, beta-blockers, steroids or corticosteroids, intravenous anti-inflammatory drugs were used for the recovery of patients (Albert et al 2021 ; Hasnie et al 2021 ; Maron et al 2021 ; McLean and Johnson 2021 ; Patrignani et al 2021 ; Vogel 2021 ).…”