COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution

Ekingen, Erhan; Yıldız, Ahmet

doi:10.25204/iktisad.844714

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Regarding demographic variable of age, in the extended hospitalized patients, infected patients who were ≥ 60 years old had less median cost that could be attributed to a worsen infection status in the aged patients [13] and earlier death in them. A study in the Turkey reported similar sign; however, their result was not statistically significant [14]. Ohsfeldt et al in the US found that by increasing in the patient age, hospitalization cost decreased that is in line to the present finding [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Which patients bring the most costs for hospital? A study on the cost determinants among COVID-19 patients in Iran

Ramezani-Doroh

Tapak

Hamidi

et al. 2022

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

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Background Accurate information on the cost determinants in the COVID-19 patients could provide policymakers a valuable planning tool for dealing with the future COVID-19 crises especially in the health systems with limited resources. Objectives This study aimed to determine the factors affecting direct medical cost of COVID-19 patients in Hamadan, the west of Iran. Methods This study considered 909 confirmed COVID-19 patients with positive real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction test which were hospitalized from 1 March to 31 January 2021 in Farshchian (Sina) hospital in Hamadan, Iran. A checklist was utilized to assess the relationship of demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, medical laboratory findings and the length of hospitalization to the direct hospitalization costs in two groups of patients (patients with hospitalization ≤ 9 days and > 9 days). Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, median test and multivariable quantile regression model at 0.05 significance levels with Stata 14 software program. Results The median cost of hospitalization in patients was totally 134.48 dollars (Range: 19.19–2397.54) and respectively 95.87 (Range: 19.19–856.63) and 507.30 dollars (Range: 68.94–2397.54) in patients with hospitalization ≤ 9 days and > 9 days. The adjusted estimates presented that in patients with 9 or less hospitalization days history of cardiovascular disease, wheezing pulmonary lung, SPO2 lower than 90%, positive CRP, LDH higher than 942 U/L, NA lower than 136 mEq/L, lymphosite lower than 20% and patients with ICU experience had significantly positive relationship to the median of cost. Moreover, in patients with more than 9 hospitalization days, history of cardiovascular disease and ICU experience was statistically positive association and age older than 60 years and WBC lower than 4.5 mg/dL had statistically negative relationship to the median of hospitalization cost. Conclusion As the length of hospital stay, which can be associated with the severity of the disease, increases, health systems become more vulnerable in terms of resource utilization, which in turn can challenge their responsiveness and readiness to meet the specialized treatment needs of individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…As many studies had shown ICU admission is one of the most common predictors for disease severity [ 7 ]. EKİNGEN et al too found that hospitalization unit was a positive predictor for patients costs [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which patients bring the most costs for hospital? A study on the cost determinants among COVID-19 patients in Iran

Ramezani-Doroh

Tapak

Hamidi

et al. 2022

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Cost of illness studies in COVID-19: a scoping review

Nakhaee,

Khandehroo,

Esmaeili

2024

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

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Background Human communities suffered a vast socioeconomic burden in dealing with the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally. Real-word data about these burdens can inform governments about evidence-based resource allocation and prioritization. The aim of this scoping review was to map the cost-of-illness (CoI) studies associated with COVID-19. Methods This scoping review was conducted from January 2019 to December 2021. We searched cost-of-illness papers published in English within Web of Sciences, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and ProQuest. For each eligible study, extracted data included country, publication year, study period, study design, epidemiological approach, costing method, cost type, cost identification, sensitivity analysis, estimated unit cost and national burden. All of the analyses were applied in Excel software. Results 2352 records were found after the search strategy application, finally 28 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Most of the studies were done in the United States, Turkey, and China. The prevalence-based approach was the most common in the studies, and most of studies also used Hospital Information System data (HIS). There were noticeable differences in the costing methods and the cost identification. The average cost of hospitalization per patient per day ranged from 101$ in Turkey to 2,364$ in the United States. Among the studies, 82.1% estimated particularly direct medical costs, 3.6% only indirect costs, and 14.3% both direct and indirect costs. Conclusion The economic burden of COVID-19 varies from country to country. The majority of CoI studies estimated direct medical costs associated with COVID-19 and there is a paucity of evidence for direct non-medical, indirect, and intangible costs, which we recommend for future studies. To create homogeneity in CoI studies, we suggest researchers follow a conceptual framework and critical appraisal checklist of cost-of-illness (CoI) studies.

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Investigation of health insurance costs of the patients with mild Covid-19 symptoms in emergency room

Durmuş¹,

Güneysu²,

Güner³

et al. 2021

Sanamed

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Introduction: This study aims to understand the burden of invoice costs of outpatients with mild Covid-19 symptoms on Social Security Institution (SSI); also, how it may have influenced the current economic situation. Material and Method: This research is a cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study. The study universe includes the cases who applied to the emergency room (ER) with the symptoms of Covid-19. The sample group was the patients who applied to the Sakarya Training and Research Hospital (SEAH) pandemic ER between 01/09/2020 and 30/06/2021.Results: During the study period, 130,975 patients were admitted to the pandemic ER. The mean emergency service bill of the cases was $10.6 (± 9), and the lowest was $2.2; the highest was $201.7. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between the patients' age and invoice amount (spearman= 0.051, p=0.001). It was perceived that the emergency service bills of the inpatients (mean=21.9 $) were more than twice that of the outpatients (mean=10.3 $). Conclusion:In pandemic ER, mild symptomatic young patients' bills can be cheap. It was observed that emergency physicians did not apply too many tests and imaging methods in this patient group and were content only with Rt-PCR scanning. Also, ER bills can increase with age.

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COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Which patients bring the most costs for hospital? A study on the cost determinants among COVID-19 patients in Iran

Which patients bring the most costs for hospital? A study on the cost determinants among COVID-19 patients in Iran

Cost of illness studies in COVID-19: a scoping review

Investigation of health insurance costs of the patients with mild Covid-19 symptoms in emergency room

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