COVID-19: Travel health and the implications for sub -Saharan Africa

Iken, Oluwatomi; Abakporo, Uzoma; Ayobami, Olaniyi; Attoye, Timothy

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101645

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…This research program is unusual in its evaluation of symptomatology for COVID-19 in the community setting [ 8 ] and may be particularly helpful in a number of travel medicine related settings, e.g. on board cruise ships and in other maritime settings, including naval vessels; during military deployments and in remote or resource poor settings [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Anosmia and ageusia were the most likely symptoms indicative of a positive test results, and participants reporting either of these had more symptoms and of greater severity [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The triad of anosmia, ageusia and fever provided a particularly powerful symptom constellation differentiating COVID+ from COVID-in the community. This triad may offer an expeditious way to identify probable COVID-19 infections in the community, especially in the absence of reliable, widespread testing [ 9 , 16 , 17 ] The triad could be taken as pathognomonic during the pandemic and trigger anti-COVID interventions in the absence of reliable near-patient diagnostics. This may be particularly helpful in many travel medicine or community based settings including resource-poor, logistically challenged or remote settings, as well as in closed community settings e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis

Dreyer¹,

Reynolds²,

Mack³

et al. 2020

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Background Symptomatic COVID-19 is prevalent in the community. We identify factors indicating COVID-19 positivity in non-hospitalized patients and prognosticators of moderate-to-severe disease. Methods Appeals conducted in April-June 2020 in social media, collaborating medical societies and patient advocacy groups recruited 20,476 participants ≥18 years who believed they had COVID-19 exposure. Volunteers consented on-line and reported height, weight, concomitant illnesses, medication and supplement use, residential, occupational or community COVID-19 exposure, symptoms and symptom severity on a 4-point scale. Of the 12,117 curated analytic population 2,279 reported a COVID-19 viral test result: 865 positive (COVID+) and 1,414 negative (COVID-). Results The triad of anosmia, ageusia and fever best distinguished COVID+ from COVID-participants (OR 6.07, 95% CI: 4.39 to 8.47). COVID+ subjects with BMI≥30, concomitant respiratory disorders or an organ transplant had increased risk of moderate-to- severe dyspnoea. Race and anti-autoimmunity medication did not affect moderate-to-severe dyspnea risk. Conclusions The triad of anosmia, ageusia and fever differentiates COVID-19. Elevated risks of severe symptoms outside the hospital were most evident among the obese and those with pulmonary comorbidity. Race and use of medication for autoimmune disease did not predict severe disease. These findings should facilitate rapid COVID-19 diagnosis and triage in settings without testing. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04368065, EU PAS register EUPAS36240.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis

Dreyer¹,

Reynolds²,

Mack³

et al. 2020

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…Other studies show an association between increasing temperature and slower growth of COVID-19 cases [21], potentially accounting for the early successes of Brunei and Hong Kong in comparison with countries such as Iceland. Travel plays a significant role in driving transmission dynamics -importation events in a country with no cases can lead to an exponential increase in the case of numbers within a short time period [22]. Our model aggregates international travel restrictions with other social distancing measures but does not assess the individual impact of international travel, which could potentially play an outsize role in relation to non-pharmaceutical interventions given many countries vulnerabilities to importation and exportation events.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Containing COVID-19: Implementation of Early and Moderately Stringent Social Distancing Measures Can Prevent The Need for Large-Scale Lockdowns

Koh¹,

Alikhan²,

Koh³

et al. 2020

Annals of Global Health

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“…3 As such, countries have implemented travel restrictions in response to the global rise; however, their effectiveness is debatable. 4,5 Studies on the early introduction of the virus in a naive population can provide insight into the natural history of the disease and have implications for control measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation of the First 135 COVID-19 Cases in Brunei: Implications for Surveillance, Control, and Travel Restrictions

Wong

Chaw

Koh

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Studies on the early introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in a naive population have important epidemic control implications. We report findings from the epidemiological investigation of the initial 135 COVID-19 cases in Brunei and describe the impact of control measures and travel restrictions. Epidemiological and clinical information was obtained for all confirmed COVID-19 cases, whose symptom onset was from March 9 to April 5, 2020. The basic reproduction number (R0), incubation period, and serial interval (SI) were calculated. Time-varying R was estimated to assess the effectiveness of control measures. Of the 135 cases detected, 53 (39.3%) were imported. The median age was 36 (range = 0.5-72) years. Forty-one (30.4%) and 13 (9.6%) were presymptomatic and asymptomatic cases, respectively. The median incubation period was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 5, range = 1-11), and the mean SI was 5.4 days (SD = 4.5; 95% CI: 4.3, 6.5). The reproduction number was between 3.9 and 6.0, and the doubling time was 1.3 days. The time-varying reproduction number (Rt) was below one (Rt = 0.91; 95% credible interval: 0.62, 1.32) by the 13th day of the epidemic. Epidemic control was achieved through a combination of public health measures, with emphasis on a test-isolate-trace approach supplemented by travel restrictions and moderate physical distancing measures but no actual lockdown. Regular and ongoing testing of high-risk groups to supplement the existing surveillance program and a phased easing of physical distancing measures has helped maintain suppression of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brunei, as evidenced by the identification of only six additional cases from April 5 to August 5, 2020.

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COVID-19: Travel health and the implications for sub -Saharan Africa

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis

Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis

Containing COVID-19: Implementation of Early and Moderately Stringent Social Distancing Measures Can Prevent The Need for Large-Scale Lockdowns

Epidemiological Investigation of the First 135 COVID-19 Cases in Brunei: Implications for Surveillance, Control, and Travel Restrictions

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