Containing COVID-19: Implementation of Early and Moderately Stringent Social Distancing Measures Can Prevent The Need for Large-Scale Lockdowns

Koh, Wee Chian; Alikhan, Mohammad Fathi; Koh, David; Wong, Justin

doi:10.5334/aogh.2969

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…18 As the effectiveness of preventive behaviours, including mask use and social distancing, in mitigating the spread of COVID-19, has been demonstrated, these findings have implications for preventive public health messaging to identifiy demographic targets for improved education and improved allocation of resources. [19][20][21] Our findings indicate that US adults with lower socioeconomic status, including lower income, educational background, and the uninsured, are less likely to adhere to COVID-19-recommended preventive behaviours. These findings may indicate that those with lower socioeconomic status experience significant barriers to practicing preventive behaviours due to inequitable access to healthcare, resources and the ability to take off from work as we also observed those who were employed were more likely to not adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults with chronic diseases in the USA: an analysis of the nationally representative COVID-19 impact survey

2021

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BackgroundPreventive behaviours have been recommended to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Adults with chronic diseases (CDs) are at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality compared to the general population. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults without CDs compared with those with CDs and identify determinants of non-adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe used data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Impact Survey (n=10 760) conducted in the USA.Primary measuresAdults with CDs were categorised based on a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease/heart attack/stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis or emphysema, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, compromised immune system, or cancer (54%).ResultsCompared with adults without CDs, adults with CDs were more likely to adhere to preventive behaviours including wearing a face mask (χ2-p<0.001), social distancing (χ2-p<0.001), washing or sanitising hands (χ2-p<0.001), and avoiding some or all restaurants (χ2-p=0.002) and public or crowded places (χ2-p=0.001). Adults with a high school degree or below [Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR):1.82, 95% Confidence interval (CI)1.04 to 3.17], household income <US$50 000 (aPR:2.03, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.72), uninsured (aPR:1.65, 95% CI1.09 to 2.52), employed (aPR:1.48, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.17), residing in rural areas (aPR:1.70, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.85) and without any CD (aPR:1.78, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.55) were more likely to not adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.ConclusionAdults with CDs are more likely to adhere to recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Public health messaging targeting specific demographic groups and geographic areas, such as adults without CD or adults living in rural areas, should be prioritised.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults with chronic diseases in the USA: an analysis of the nationally representative COVID-19 impact survey

2021

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“…As outlined with the guidelines of the World Health Organization [29] and global practices, various restrictions were instituted by West African governments to curb the transmission of the coronavirus. The adopted strategies included closing borders and non-essential services, quarantine, movement restrictions and social distancing [30][31][32]. Inadvertently, these strict precautionary measures affected many people's standard of living, which significantly impacted on food security and economies [1] and had a profound effect in West Africa, a region already facing intense hunger, malnutrition and poverty as a result of multiple shocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising Food Prices and Farming Households Food Insecurity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Policy Implications from SouthWest Nigeria

et al. 2022

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The government’s lockdown and restriction measures on the COVID-19 pandemic adversely altered livelihoods, commodity/food prices as well as food security status in Nigeria, especially for rural farming households. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 480 rural farming households across three selected states of the SouthWest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. This research entailed rapid evaluation of the determining factors of rising food expenditure, implications for food security as well as households’ coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data that were analyzed using the following descriptive and inferential statistics: double-logarithmic analysis, Foster–Greer–Thorbecke (FGT) and probit regression analysis. The results showed that 60% of respondents were married, mean years spent in school was 17, mean age was 49 years, household size was 7 people and monthly income less than $200. The FGT model results for head count ratio showed that 78% of households were food insecure. The depth of food insecurity and severity before COVID-19 were 18.4% and 9.9% respectively, and 27.1% and 13.0% during the pandemic. The double-logarithmic regression revealed that household income, size, age and occupation significantly influenced the household’s food expenditure. Probit regression showed that households’ income, size, amount spent on food, and the household’s head, gender and educational level influenced its food security status. The research concluded that food security was indeed influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic among rural farming households in Nigeria. Intervention policies are needed to promote and enable sustainable livelihoods to eradicate hunger and food insecurity due to high food prices and high household sizes in relation to their low average income to enable rural farming households to economically recover and have the capacity to sustain themselves against future shocks.

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“…The city authorities had applied immediate, strong and successful containment measures, including an aggressive escalation of border control, and a public health response facilitated by the experience with the SARS-CoV-1 outbreak in 2003 [ 43 ]. The implementation of early and intense NPIs has allowed Hong Kong to keep SARS-CoV-2 infections at very low levels without undertaking lockdowns [ 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Germany and China: mitigation versus elimination strategy

Razum

Jahn

et al. 2021

Global Health Action

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Background : The COVID-19 pandemic shows variable dynamics in WHO Regions, with lowest disease burden in the Western-Pacific Region. While China has been able to rapidly eliminate transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Germany – as well as most of Europe and the Americas – is struggling with high numbers of cases and deaths. Objective : We analyse COVID-19 epidemiology and control strategies in China and in Germany, two countries which have chosen profoundly different approaches to deal with the epidemic. Methods : In this narrative review, we searched the literature from 1 December 2019, to 4 December 2020. Results : China and several neighbours (e.g. Australia, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, Thailand) have achieved COVID-19 elimination or sustained low case numbers. This can be attributed to: (1) experience with previous coronavirus outbreaks; (2) classification of SARS-CoV-2 in the highest risk category and consequent early employment of aggressive control measures; (3) mandatory isolation of cases and contacts in institutions; (4) broad employment of modern contact tracking technology; (5) travel restrictions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 re-importation; (6) cohesive communities with varying levels of social control. Conclusions : Early implementation of intense and sustained control measures is key to achieving a near normal social and economic life.

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Containing COVID-19: Implementation of Early and Moderately Stringent Social Distancing Measures Can Prevent The Need for Large-Scale Lockdowns

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults with chronic diseases in the USA: an analysis of the nationally representative COVID-19 impact survey

Determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults with chronic diseases in the USA: an analysis of the nationally representative COVID-19 impact survey

Rising Food Prices and Farming Households Food Insecurity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Policy Implications from SouthWest Nigeria

COVID-19 in Germany and China: mitigation versus elimination strategy

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