“…Many aspects, including economic, political, environmental, technological, and social, affect global energy production and consumption. The COVID-19 pandemic hit the global energy sector by, among others, a plunge in oil prices and demand, increased global CO2 emissions, energy supply chains disruptions, and has led to the problem of global energy crisis [21,32,33]. The COVID-19 pandemic hit the conventional energy sector and conventional energy commodities [34][35][36].…”