“…8 [34] Anti-inflammation, Sesquiterpene effect isolated from Saussurea lappa in inhibiting TNF-α secretion, in which the main component is costunolide, showing activity of TNF-α inhibiting. 9 [37] Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulator, antidote, antiseptic, disinfectant expectorant Unani drug to Covid-19 has antioxidant, anti-virus, immunomodulator, anti-parasite effect, antiseptic, antidote, and expectorant. Saussurea lappa acts in pharmacologic activities, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammation, immunomodulator, antidote, antiseptic, disinfectant, and expectorant.…”