COVID-19 Lockdown Disruptions on Water Resources, Wastewater, and Agriculture in India

Balamurugan, M.; Kasiviswanathan, K. S.; Ilampooranan, Idhayachandhiran; Soundharajan, B.

doi:10.3389/frwa.2021.603531

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CPCB 15 reported that around 38,000 million liters per day untreated sewage and wastewater are discharged into the Indian River systems. Due to limited sewage treatment capacity, around 52% of untreated sewage and industrial effluents (integrated spared pollution) are discharged into Indian rivers 16 . RWQ parameters are typically spatiotemporal variables and it is very difficult to measure because constant change of attributes and severe anthropogenic stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India

Chakraborty¹,

Bera

Adhikary

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lockdown partially brought some positive effects for the health of the total environment. The multiple industries, cities, towns and rural people are completely depending on large tropical river Damodar (India) but in the last few decades the quality of the river water is being significantly deteriorated. The present study attempts to investigate the river water quality (RWQ) particularly for pre- lockdown, lockdown and unlock period. We considered 20 variables per sample of RWQ data and it was analyzed using novel Modified Water Quality Index (MWQI), Trophic State Index (TSI), Heavy Metal Index (HMI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation (r) analysis are applied to determine the influencing variables and relationship among the river pollutants. The results show that during lockdown 54.54% samples were brought significantly positive changes applying MWQI. During lockdown, HMI ranged from 33.96 to 117.33 with 27.27% good water quality which shows the low ecological risk of aquatic ecosystem due to low mixing of toxic metals in the river water. Lockdown effects brought river water to oligotrophic/meso-eutrophic condition from eutrophic/hyper-eutrophic stage. Rejuvenation of river health during lockdown offers ample scope to policymakers, administrators and environmentalists for restoration of river health from huge anthropogenic stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India

Chakraborty¹,

Bera

Adhikary

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Testing wastewater is an effective method to identify if COVID-19 is present in a community, and can provide early detection before spreading to the number of cases [84,85]. Tiwari et al [75] suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to include Surveillance of Wastewater for Early Epidemic Prediction (SWEEP) in routine urban water management to put the humankind at front to mitigate such pandemics in the similar situations [86].…”

Section: The Role Of Wastewater In Spreading the Covid-19 Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urban Water Cycle

Heidari¹,

Grigg²

2021

AEER

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global crisis spreading to all countries. This study explains and documents the first-order effects of the new coronavirus on the urban water cycle. Urban water systems play an important role in public health because people rely so heavily on water services. Findings address short- and long-term changes in climate variables; availability and accessibility of clean water to prevent and control the spread of coronavirus in water-scarce cities; shifts in habits, behavior, and lifestyles of people and effects on water demand during lockdowns; and role of wastewater treatment in preventing the spread of coronavirus.

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“…To defeat the normal and human-caused difficulties like adverse impacts of environmental change, outrageous precipitation, water shortage during summers, drying up of streams, degrading water quality, and waterway contamination, planning of water resources is utmost necessary. Balamurgan (40) discussed the impact of COVID-19 on the various domestic and commercial water supplies and the river water in India, He also recommended measures for improvement and management of water asset while facing future contagions. Reform for institutional framework: Emphasize policies for one and all basis i.e.…”

Section: Guideline and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Policies in India: A Critical Review

Rathee¹,

Mishra²

2021

IJST

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Objectives: (a) Review the water institutional structures in India in the context of water demand and supply. (b) Review and critical analysis on the various water related policies in India. (c) To understand the challenges and opportunities in water sector in India and to provide recommendations and guidelines for achieving them. Methods: Various water policies have been evolved and amended since 1987 by the Government of India and other policymakers, describing the factual scenarios of the water resources and their administrations too. This paper strives to critically review these water policies and provide recommendations in view of present challenges and opportunities of water sector. Findings: Addressing the impact of climate change on water availability and economy, concluded that the water imbalance is due to poor management from various levels of states, industries, surface runoff, lack of floodwater management, lack of dams, lakes, river basins and many more. The focus should be on river water management and building dams for water conservation. The government should frame more policies that can be strictly followed by the industries and other wastewater management agencies to make our future secure with preserved water resources. Novelty: To overcome the above challenges/ gaps in the previous water policies in India, the Author, here find its objective through this paper to review the evolution of various water policies implicated in India briefly focusing on the increasing demand for water by the escalating population, its past and present institutional arrangements and conservation practices including reusing wastewater after proper treatment.

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COVID-19 Lockdown Disruptions on Water Resources, Wastewater, and Agriculture in India

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India

Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urban Water Cycle

Water Policies in India: A Critical Review

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