COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches

Abstract

Extensive research in countries with high sociodemographic indices (SDIs) to date has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be directly associated with more severe outcomes among patients living with haematological disorders and malignancies (HDMs). Because individuals with moderate to severe immunodeficiency are likely to undergo persistent infections, shed virus particles for prolonged periods, and lack an inflammatory or abortive phase, this represents an overall risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. In cases suffering from HDMs, further investigation is needed to achieve a better understanding of triviruses and a group of related variants in patients with anemia and HDMs, as well as their treatment through vaccines, drugs, and other methods. Against this background, the present study aimed to delineate the relationship between HDMs and the novel COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Besides, effective treatment options for HDM cases were further explored to address this epidemic and its variants. Therefore, learning about how COVID-19 manifests in these patients, along with exploiting the most appropriate treatments, may lead to the development of treatment and care strategies by clinicians and researchers to help patients recover faster.

Dynamic Assessment of Hematological Parameters as Predictive Biomarkers for Disease Severity and Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Longitudinal Study

“…These findings suggest a dynamic interplay between hematological derangements, immune dysregulation, and disease progression in COVID-19. The worsening of anemia in critically ill patients may reflect ongoing hemolysis, bone marrow suppression, or hemodilution due to fluid resuscitation and cytokine-mediated capillary leak [ 21 ]. Similarly, sustained elevation of inflammatory and coagulation markers may signify persistent immune activation, endothelial dysfunction, and microthrombotic complications in severe COVID-19 cases [ 22 ].…”