COVID-19: Health disparities and social determinants of health

Burton, Élan; Bennett, Delancy Hs; Burton, Linda M.

doi:10.1177/0020872820944985

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The relationship between Covid-19 and the inequality structure occurs along two dimensions: how current inequality structures affect the spread of the infection and how its containment measures affect the existing systems of inequality ( Holst et al, 2020 ). The debate about the social determinants of health is long-standing in sociology: it focuses on how education, socio-economic conditions and the environment in which people live affect their health ( Scambler, 2019 ; Burton et al, 2020 ; Joseph, 2020 ). Covid-19 is a social disease ( Trout and Kleinman, 2020 ): the likelihood of getting infected is influenced by economic inequalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Covid-19 is a social disease ( Trout and Kleinman, 2020 ): the likelihood of getting infected is influenced by economic inequalities. The virus is more likely to hit harder among those who have a concurrent illness, live in over-crowded housing or lack regular access to health services ( Burton et al, 2020 ; Holst et al, 2020 ; Horton, 2020 ). Furthermore, Covid-19 distribution is also correlated with the vulnerability of the communities ( Fisher et al, 2020 ; Hatef et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Covid-19 Pandemics: why Intersectionality Matters

Maestripieri

2021

Front. Sociol.

114

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Covid-19 has been a disrupting event in contemporary social life but is far from being a great equaliser. Preliminary studies have put in evidence how different social groups faced a differentiated risk of contagion and coped differently with the various consequences of the emergency. Evidence shows how minorities and migrants face disproportionally higher risks of contagion than the white upper and middle class, and how vulnerable communities are more exposed to deaths and the rapid spread of the virus. At the same time, societies are coping with social distancing measures and their disruptive social and economic consequences, which have a more significant impact on the most vulnerable segments of societies: women, children, low-income classes and ethnic minorities. This article argues that an intersectional framework allows an understanding of what is occurring in the current pandemic, both in terms of its social determinants and social consequences. To open the black box of inequality, intersectional scholars analyze the intersections of multiple structures of inequalities (such as gender, age, class, ethnicity), which have a multiplying effect when disadvantaged positions intersect in the same individual. Covid-19 is a clear example of an intersectional phenomenon: the impact of individual and community exposure to Covid-19 is the results of multiple and interrelating structures of inequality. Up to now, research in social sciences has underestimated the role of intersectionality in analyzing the social and economic consequences of this pandemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Covid-19 Pandemics: why Intersectionality Matters

Maestripieri

2021

Front. Sociol.

114

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“…Segments of the U.S population that are already marginalized experience greater burdens from large-scale disasters and infectious diseases (Bambra et al, 2020; Blumenshine et al, 2008; Curran, 2013; Yancy, 2020), and trainees from marginalized backgrounds were unduly affected by COVID-19. The spread, severity, and consequences of COVID-19 disproportionately affected Black, Asian, Indigenous, and Latinx individuals (Burton et al, 2020; Haynes et al, 2020; Webb Hooper et al, 2020). Trainees who belong to these communities, already at higher risk of health problems because of compounded forms of marginalization and inequity, also faced the possibility of transmitting the illness to loved ones or other members of already disproportionately affected communities, which contributed to both systemic and personal burden.…”

Section: Challenges In Hsp Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Challenges in Internship Training for Health-Service Psychology: A Call to Action From Trainee Stakeholders

Palitsky

Kaplan

Brodt

et al. 2022

Clinical Psychological Science

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The challenges observed in health-service-psychology (HSP) training during COVID-19 revealed systemic and philosophical issues that preexisted the pandemic but became more visible during the global health crisis. In a position article written by 23 trainees across different sites and training specializations, we use lessons learned from COVID-19 as a touchstone for a call to action in HSP training. Historically, trainee voices have been conspicuously absent from literature about clinical training. We describe long-standing dilemmas in HSP training that were exacerbated by the pandemic and will continue to require resolution after the pandemic has subsided. We make recommendations for systems-level changes that would advance equity and sustainability in HSP training. This article advances the conversation about HSP training by including the perspective of trainees as essential stakeholders.

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“…The cultural pathway to scapegoating of the healthcare system in the United States may be explained by our assumptions about control-seeking and the cultural psychology of trust. Many people in the United States may find their motives for primary control-seeking frustrated in the health domain, particularly in light of rising costs of medical care, lack of insurance for many residents, and the current seriousness of the COVID-19 outbreak (Shi and Stevens, 2010;Burton et al, 2020). But given that U.S. residents typically show a combination of low governmental/institutional and high interpersonal trust, they would likely respond to these threats not primarily by aggressing against their local healthcare providers, but rather with increasing distrust of the healthcare system.…”

Section: Distrust Of the Healthcare System In The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturally Grounded Scapegoating in Response to Illness and the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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For years, violence against doctors and healthcare workers has been a growing social issue in China. In a recent series of studies, we provided evidence for a motivated scapegoating account of this violence. Specifically, individuals who feel that the course of their (or their family member's) illness is a threat to their sense of control are more likely to express motivation to aggress against healthcare providers. Drawing on existential theory, we propose that blaming and aggressing against a single individual represents a culturally afforded scapegoating mechanism in China. However, in an era of healthcare crisis (i.e., the global COVID-19 pandemic), it is essential to understand cultural variation in scapegoating in the context of healthcare. We therefore undertook two cross-cultural studies examining how people in the United States and China use different scapegoating responses to re-assert a sense of control during medical uncertainty. One study was conducted prior to the pandemic and allowed us to make an initial validating and exploratory investigation of the constructs of interest. The second study, conducted during the pandemic, was confirmatory and investigated mediation path models. Across the two studies, consistent evidence emerged that, both in response to COVID-related and non-COVID-related illness scenarios, Chinese (relative to U.S.) individuals are more likely to respond by aggressing against an individual doctor, while U.S. (relative to Chinese) individuals are more likely to respond by scapegoating the medical industry/system. Further, Study 2 suggests these culture effects are mediated by differential patterns of primary and secondary control-seeking.

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COVID-19: Health disparities and social determinants of health

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

The Covid-19 Pandemics: why Intersectionality Matters

The Covid-19 Pandemics: why Intersectionality Matters

Systemic Challenges in Internship Training for Health-Service Psychology: A Call to Action From Trainee Stakeholders

Culturally Grounded Scapegoating in Response to Illness and the COVID-19 Pandemic

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