“…Despite the various datasets, many CNN-based methods have been developed to continuously boost classification performance. In particular, researchers often use transfer learning [13] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [33] , [34] , [35] or ensemble learning [22] , [23] , [25] , [33] , [36] , [37] to overcome data insufficiency in small-scale datasets like SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-CT. For example, Jaiswal et al. [24] and Panwar et al.…”