COVID-19 data sources in Latin America and the Caribbean

Carrillo‐Larco, Rodrigo M.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101750

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Demographic distribution of patients included in this study conformed to findings in China 23 , in several European 24 and Latin-American 25 countries and the US 26 reporting a slightly higher number for male confirmed and CFR compared to females. Older persons with pre-existing hypertension and/or diabetes were more prevalent in our no-IFN treated cohort and this age-related trend of co-morbidities was similar to data reported by Zhou F et al 14 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha 2b treatment for COVID-19 patient recovery

Pereda¹,

González²,

Rivero³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Effective antiviral treatments are required to contain the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A previous report in 814 patients COVID-19 positive in Cuba provided preliminary therapeutic efficacy evidence with interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha-2b) from March 11 to April 14, 2020. This study, re-evaluates the contribution of IFN-α2b on the evolution of all patients, after 98 days of the epidemic, in a period from March 11 to June 17, 2020. Method A prospective observational study was implemented to monitor a therapeutic intervention with IFN alpha-2b used in the national protocol for COVID-19 attending in Cuba. Were included patients with positive throat swab specimens by real time RT-PCR who gave informed consent and had no contraindications for IFN treatment. Patients received therapy as per the Cuban COVID protocol that included a combination of oral antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine) with intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of IFN alpha-2b The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients discharged from hospital, secondary was the case fatality rate and several outcomes related to time variables were also evaluated. Results From March 11th until June 17th, 2295 patients had been confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive in Cuba, 2165 were treated with Heberon Alpha R and 130 received the approved protocol without IFN. The proportion of fully recovered patients was higher in the IFN-treated compared with non-IFN treated group. Prior IFN treatment decreases the likelihood of intensive care and increases the survival after severe or critical diseases. The benefits of IFN were significantly supported by time variables analyzed. Conclusions This second report confirm the preliminary evidences from first for the therapeutic effectiveness of IFN alpha-2b for SARS-Cov-2 infection and postulated that Heberon Alpha R is the main component within the antiviral triad used as a therapeutic intervention in the Cuban protocol COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha 2b treatment for COVID-19 patient recovery

Pereda¹,

González²,

Rivero³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A avaliação do excesso de mortes permite que sejam estimados tanto o efeito direto quanto indireto da epidemia sobre a mortalidade, constituindo uma ferramenta importante para o processo de tomada de decisão em suas diferentes fases 9 . Pouca atenção tem sido dada à avaliação do excesso de mortes em distintos contextos e ao longo do tempo, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, cujos registros de eventos vitais não primam pela qualidade 10 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…This study aimed to estimate the excess deaths and their differences in adults 20 [32][33][34][35][36]. El exceso de muertes fue mayor en hombres y no significativo en las Semanas Epidemiológicas (SE) 9-12, excepto en São Paulo, 10% (IC95%: [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. En general, el pico de muertes excedentarias se produjo en las SE 17-20.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Excesso de mortes durante a pandemia de COVID-19: subnotificação e desigualdades regionais no Brasil

et al. 2021

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O Brasil é um dos países mais afetados pela pandemia de COVID-19 e o real número de mortes pela doença torna o cenário ainda mais desafiador. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o excesso de mortes e suas diferenças em adultos com 20 anos e mais em Manaus (Amazonas), Fortaleza (Ceará), Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, de acordo com o local de ocorrência do óbito, características demográficas e trajetória ao longo do tempo. Os dados foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e na Central de Informações do Registro Civil Nacional. As estimativas de óbitos esperados foram obtidas por meio de modelos aditivos generalizados quasi-Poisson com ajuste de sobredispersão. Entre 23 de fevereiro e 13 de junho de 2020, foram registradas 74.410 mortes naturais nas quatro cidades, com excesso de mortes de 46% (IC95%: 44-47). O maior excesso de mortes ocorreu em Manaus, 112% (IC95%: 103-121), seguido por Fortaleza, 72% (IC95%: 67-78), Rio de Janeiro, 42% (IC95%: 40-45) e São Paulo, 34% (IC95%: 32-36). O excesso de mortes foi maior nos homens e não significativo nas Semanas Epidemiológicas (SE) 9-12, exceto em São Paulo, 10% (IC95%: 6-14). Em geral, o pico de mortes excedentes ocorreu nas SE 17-20. O excesso de mortes não explicado diretamente pela COVID-19 e de mortes em domicílios/via pública foi alto, especialmente em Manaus. A elevada porcentagem de mortes excedentes, de mortes não explicadas diretamente pela COVID-19 e de mortes fora do hospital sugerem alta subnotificação de mortes por COVID-19 e reforça a extensa dispersão do SARS-CoV-2, como também a necessidade da revisão de todas as causas de mortes associadas a sintomas respiratórios pelos serviços de vigilância epidemiológica.

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“…The heterogeneity in the states' policy response highlights the need for a subnational approach to analyze government action to the COVID-19 pandemic-especially in the absence of a consistent national response. It is in this sense that the data and analysis presented here make an original and fundamental contribution [29,30]. Other efforts to document, analyze and measure the effectiveness of the implementation of public policies in the face of COVID-19 have adopted a national vision [31], Those studies offer a useful overview, but are subject to what in the social sciences has been called the "whole country bias" [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not far enough: Public health policies to combat COVID-19 in Mexico’s states

et al. 2021

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Background Mexican state governments’ actions are essential to control the COVID-19 pandemic within the country. However, the type, rigor and pace of implementation of public policies have varied considerably between states. Little is known about the subnational (state) variation policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Material and methods We collected daily information on public policies designed to inform the public, as well as to promote distancing, and mask use. The policies analyzed were: School Closure, Workplace Closure, Cancellation of Public Events, Restrictions on Gatherings, Stay at Home Order, Public Transit Suspensions, Information Campaigns, Internal Travel Controls, International Travel Controls, Use of Face Masks We use these data to create a composite index to evaluate the adoption of these policies in the 32 states. We then assess the timeliness and rigor of the policies across the country, from the date of the first case, February 27, 2020. Results The national average in the index during the 143 days of the pandemic was 41.1 out of a possible 100 points on our index. Nuevo León achieved the highest performance (50.4); San Luis Potosí the lowest (34.1). The differential between the highest versus the lowest performance was 47.4%. Conclusions The study identifies variability and heterogeneity in how and when Mexican states implemented policies to contain COVID-19. We demonstrate the absence of a uniform national response and widely varying stringency of state responses. We also show how these responses are not based on testing and do not reflect the local burden of disease. National health system stewardship and a coordinated, timely, rigorous response to the pandemic did not occur in Mexico but is desirable to contain COVID-19.

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COVID-19 data sources in Latin America and the Caribbean

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha 2b treatment for COVID-19 patient recovery

Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha 2b treatment for COVID-19 patient recovery

Excesso de mortes durante a pandemia de COVID-19: subnotificação e desigualdades regionais no Brasil

Not far enough: Public health policies to combat COVID-19 in Mexico’s states

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