COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations Among U.S. Infants Aged &lt;6 Months — COVID-NET, 13 States, June 2021–August 2022

Hamid, Sarah; Woodworth, Kate R.; Pham, Huong; Milucky, Jennifer; Chai, Shua J.; Kawasaki, Breanna; Yousey‐Hindes, Kimberly; Anderson, Evan J.; Henderson, Justin; Lynfield, Ruth; Pacheco, Francesca; Barney, Grant; Bennett, Nancy M.; Shiltz, Eli; Sutton, Melissa; Talbot, H. Keipp; Price, Andrea; Havers, Fiona; Taylor, Christopher A.; Roland, Jeremy; Armistead, Isaac; Lyons, Carol A.; Openo, Kyle P.; Leegwater, Lauren; Mumm, Erica; Montoya, Mark A.; Engesser, Kerianne; Bushey, Sophrena; Moran, Nancy E; Abdullah, Nasreen; Markus, Tiffanie; Crossland, Melanie

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7145a3

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We cannot evaluate these factors but it has recently been described that neonatal infections by Omicron strain might be more severe, as the rate of hospitalization is equal in infants of less than 6 months and in adults beyond 65 years. 7 We acknowledge a potential bias in the CA cases: the total number of asymptomatic and symptomatic CA infections within each hospital's catchment is unknown, and our data likely representing the more severe CA infections. Nonetheless, our findings were generated from real world data, have a strong biological background and add to our knowledge of a population that has been infrequently described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Community Versus Vertically Acquired Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The EPICENTRE Cohort Study

Luca

Perkins

Tingay

2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Neonatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 infections can be community-acquired or vertically-acquired. The analysis of neonatal patients requiring hospitalization reported in the EPICENTRE worldwide registry shows that community-acquired cases have clinical features (fever, respiratory signs, feeding difficulties, P < 0.0001) and received antibiotics (P = 0.014) more frequently than vertically-acquired patients. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 infections should be considered in the clinical workout of neonatal infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Versus Vertically Acquired Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The EPICENTRE Cohort Study

Luca

Perkins

Tingay

2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…We identified 21 relevant papers and presented their recorded data in Table 1 . Eight studies from the T United States [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], five from South Africa [18][19][20][21][22], three from the United Kingdom [15][16][17], and three from other countries [14,[23][24][25][26] compared the severity of COVID-19 between the Omicron variants and previous variants. Two studies from Japan reported the proportion of severe COVID-19 cases without comparing different variants.…”

Section: Re Su Ltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The disease severity of COVID-19 caused by Omicron variants: A brief review

et al. 2023

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A BSTRA CTThe Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in November 2021 and spread worldwide. This review summarizes the reported mortality and morbidity rates of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Omicron variants. In 21 previous studies, the mortality of patients infected with Omicron variants ranged from 0.01 to 13.1%, whereas that of those infected with previous variants was from 0.08% to 29.1%. The proportions of intensive care unit admissions and mechanical ventilation were lower for Omicron variants than for the previous variants. Future studies should clarify the mechanisms of transmissibility and severity of COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variants.

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“…The role of VOCs, particularly Omicron, in severe COVID-19 among children remains less well defined. For example, while some studies suggest that pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates during the Omicron wave peaked at approximately 3.5 times the peak rate during the Delta wave, others found no difference or a reduction in ICU admission of children across COVID-19 waves . Severe croup associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was a new phenotype first observed in young children (younger than 5 years old) during the Omicron wave while the use of mechanical ventilation and the use of noninvasive ventilation were reduced .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Pediatric COVID-19 Severity Over the Course of the Pandemic

Zhu,

Almeida,

Baillie

et al. 2023

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceMultiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged over the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications for COVID-19 severity in children worldwide are unclear.ObjectiveTo determine whether the dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) were associated with differences in COVID-19 severity among hospitalized children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsClinical data from hospitalized children and adolescents (younger than 18 years) who were SARS-CoV-2 positive were obtained from 9 countries (Australia, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, UK, and the US) during 3 different time frames. Time frames 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 3 (T3) were defined to represent periods of dominance by the ancestral virus, pre-Omicron VOCs, and Omicron, respectively. Age groups for analysis were younger than 6 months, 6 months to younger than 5 years, and 5 to younger than 18 years. Children with an incidental positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded.ExposuresSARS-CoV-2 hospitalization during the stipulated time frame.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe severity of disease was assessed by admission to intensive care unit (ICU), the need for ventilatory support, or oxygen therapy.ResultsAmong 31 785 hospitalized children and adolescents, the median age was 4 (IQR 1-12) years and 16 639 were male (52.3%). In children younger than 5 years, across successive SARS-CoV-2 waves, there was a reduction in ICU admission (T3 vs T1: risk ratio [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.75 [younger than 6 months]; RR, 0.61, 95% CI; 0.47-0.79 [6 months to younger than 5 years]), but not ventilatory support or oxygen therapy. In contrast, ICU admission (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.32-0.48), ventilatory support (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27-0.51), and oxygen therapy (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.70) decreased across SARS-CoV-2 waves in children 5 years to younger than 18 years old. The results were consistent when data were restricted to unvaccinated children.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study provides valuable insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized children across different age groups and countries, suggesting that while ICU admissions decreased across the pandemic in all age groups, ventilatory and oxygen support generally did not decrease over time in children aged younger than 5 years. These findings highlight the importance of considering different pediatric age groups when assessing disease severity in COVID-19.

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COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations Among U.S. Infants Aged <6 Months — COVID-NET, 13 States, June 2021–August 2022

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Community Versus Vertically Acquired Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The EPICENTRE Cohort Study

Community Versus Vertically Acquired Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The EPICENTRE Cohort Study

The disease severity of COVID-19 caused by Omicron variants: A brief review

International Pediatric COVID-19 Severity Over the Course of the Pandemic

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