COVID-19 and thrombosis: From bench to bedside

Ali, Mohammad; Spinler, Sarah A.

doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2020.12.004

Cited by 169 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…ACE2 receptor is a carboxypeptidase that converts angiotensin II (Ang II) to angiotensin 1–7. The binding of the viral S-protein to ACE2 is followed by internalization and downregulation of the receptor and a subsequent increase in Ang II as a result of the disturbed balance between the prothrombotic Ang II and and the anti-thrombotic angiotensin 1–7 signalling [ 138 ]. Besides the dysregulated renin angiotensin aldosterone system, it is assumed that two other mechanisms are implicated in COVID-19-associated thrombosis, namely, excess cell secretion of vWF and the activation of the innate immune response.…”

Section: Covid-19-associated Thrombosis and Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis

Georgescu

Simionescu

2021

IJMS

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Cells convey information among one another. One instrument employed to transmit data and constituents to specific (target) cells is extracellular vesicles (EVs). They originate from a variety of cells (endothelial, immune cells, platelets, mesenchymal stromal cells, etc.), and consequently, their surface characteristics and cargo vary according to the paternal cell. The cargo could be DNA, mRNA, microRNA, receptors, metabolites, cytoplasmic proteins, or pathological molecules, as a function of which EVs exert different effects upon endocytosis in recipient cells. Recently, EVs have become important participants in a variety of pathologies, including atherogenesis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated thrombosis. Herein, we summarize recent advances and some of our own results on the role of EVs in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and discuss their potential to function as signaling mediators, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Since COVID-19 patients have a high rate of thrombotic events, a special section of the review is dedicated to the mechanism of thrombosis and the possible therapeutic potential of EVs in COVID-19-related thrombosis. Yet, EV mechanisms and their role in the transfer of information between cells in normal and pathological conditions remain to be explored.

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Section: Covid-19-associated Thrombosis and Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis

Georgescu

Simionescu

2021

IJMS

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“…SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of systemic thrombosis ( 40 ), a condition that may determine neurological symptoms ( 41 ). Thrombosis is more common in the mild/moderate forms of the disease ( 42 ) rather than in severe ones, probably because in the latter anti-coagulant therapy is promptly administered ( 42 , 43 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Disturbances and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Brain Inflammation or Cochlear Affection? Systematic Review and Discussion of Potential Pathogenesis

et al. 2021

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Patients affected by COVID-19 present a series of different symptoms; despite some of these are common, other less likely appear. Auditory symptoms seem to be less frequent, maybe because rarer or, alternatively, because they are underestimated during the clinical investigation. The hearing impairment might be related to the central or peripheral involvement of the auditory pathways; in particular, the likelihood of thrombosis might be one of the causes. To date, the prevalence of auditory symptoms such as sudden or progressive sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus is unclear in COVID-19 patients. However, their presence might be an early sign of thrombosis or spread of the infection into the brain. In this systematic review of the literature we investigated the presence of auditory symptoms in COVID-19 patients and discussed their potential origin and causal relationship with SARS-CoV-2. Results showed that, despite rarely, auditory impairment can appear in patients with COVID-19 and should always be investigated for an early treatment and potential indicator of involvement of the central nervous system.

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“…Endothelial dysfunction along with inflammation in patients with COVID-19 produces vascular thrombosis in multiple organs. 27 Elevated D-dimer levels were found to be independently associated with liver dysfunction in one study, 15 which could point to an association of thrombosis with liver dysfunction. Studies of liver biopsies from patients with COVID-19 and liver dysfunction have shown significant microvascular thrombosis which could lead to liver dysfunction.…”

Section: Liver Injury In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Considerations in the Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis in COVID-19 Hotspots: A Review

Madhu¹,

Sharma²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated special considerations in the management of diseases. The way presence of pre-existing diseases or treatment for it predisposes to, alters course of, and changes the management of COVID-19, is of relevance and is being extensively studied. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is unique in that it is an autoimmune disease mandating treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, as well as a liver disease with potential for varying degrees of underlying fibrosis. The use of immunosuppressive drugs could alter the risk of acquiring COVID-19, the clinical course and severity of COVID-19 and the degree of underlying liver fibrosis could alter the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19. In this review, we try to summarize key areas relevant in understanding and improving the clinical care of patients with AIH in the current pandemic. Special considerations required in the management of patients with AIH in COVID-19 hotspots have been outlined based on the current evidence.

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COVID-19 and thrombosis: From bench to bedside

Cited by 169 publications

References 105 publications

Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis

Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis

Auditory Disturbances and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Brain Inflammation or Cochlear Affection? Systematic Review and Discussion of Potential Pathogenesis

Special Considerations in the Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis in COVID-19 Hotspots: A Review

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