COVID-19 and the Gender Gap in University Student Performance

Bratti, Massimiliano; Lippo, Enrico

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4178932

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In terms of gender differences, the results showed consistency with the literature (Ghislieri et al 2022b) although the effect seizes for all significant differences are quite small; men reported lower workloads and emotional exhaustion and higher levels of engagement. The difference in academic self-efficacy was significant but negligible, consistent with the controversial findings in the literature; furthermore, the lack of differences in the perception of reduced performance and internet addiction is consistent with the analysis conducted by Bratti and Lippo (2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Alsaady et al (2020) also observed higher levels of exam anxiety among female students, and Prowse et al (2021) found a more pronounced negative effect on academic performance, social isolation, stress, and mental health among female students compared to their male peers. Regarding performance (measured by the number of credits earned), Bratti and Lippo (2022), using administrative data from a public college in northern Italy, showed that the gender difference did not change, while women improved their performance compared to men in some fields of study (social sciences and humanities). These data, as well as some considerations from the extensive work of Aristovnik et al (2020), suggest that special attention should be paid to gender differences (Sánchez-Teruel et al 2021).…”

Section: Higher Education Students During the Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional Exhaustion and Engagement in Higher Education Students during a Crisis, Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Experience in Italian Universities

et al. 2023

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Italian university students face an uncertain future characterised by a competitive neoliberal academic environment with high demands and a weak labour market that often cannot hire those who are best qualified. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated students’ uncertainty and negatively affected their well-being. The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of academic life during the pandemic and to examine the relationship between study load, reduced academic performance, internet addiction, academic self-efficacy, and engagement and emotional exhaustion. A sample of university students (N = 10,298) from 11 Italian universities completed a self-report questionnaire about their academic and personal lives between May and June 2021. We performed two multiple linear regressions and one ANOVA to highlight gender differences. Results indicate that female students reported lower levels of engagement and academic self-efficacy, and higher levels of exhaustion and study demands compared to male students, while older students generally appear to exhibit higher levels of well-being. Study load, reduced academic performance, and internet addiction showed a negative association with engagement, particularly the first two, and a positive association with exhaustion, while self-efficacy was positively associated with engagement and negatively associated with exhaustion. The results suggest the need to introduce additional forms of support, such as psychological support, internet addiction awareness courses or counseling services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Higher Education Students During the Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Exhaustion and Engagement in Higher Education Students during a Crisis, Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Experience in Italian Universities

et al. 2023

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“…This development contributes to narrowing the gender gap associated with advantage and privilege. However, it has been noted that the impact of the pandemic on women, including factors of social isolation, stress, and diminished mental health, may be a setback for them in terms of their professional development and accomplishment [34,35]. For example, since women tend to make greater use of social media and social contact as a means of coping with difficulties, isolation and social distancing are possible negative factors affecting their academic achievement.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Fear Impact on Israeli and Maltese Female “Help” Profession Students

Yehudai

Clark

Azzopardi

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 fear on the well-being of Israeli and Maltese female “help” profession (e.g., social work and psychology) undergraduate students. This cross-national comparison includes factors of depression, anxiety, anger, loneliness, nervousness, substance use, eating behavior, burnout, and resilience. The study hypothesis is that country status, even with different social–cultural characteristics including religiosity, is not a significant factor associated with COVID-19 fear impact on select behavioral characteristics of female university students. Methods: A total of 453 female “help” profession students completed an online survey from January to July 2021. Various statistical methods of analysis including regression were used for this study. Results: The mean COVID-19 fear scores were the same among Israeli and Maltese students. Resilience was found to be higher among Israeli females; burnout was found to be higher among those from Malta. Substance use (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, or prescription drugs) in the last month was reported by 77.2% of the respondents. No significant differences were found for previous-month substance use based on country status. Regardless of country, respondents who reported more previous-month substance use had higher COVID-19 fear and burnout scores, as well as lower resilience. Due to COVID-19, most respondents (74.3%) reported deterioration of their psycho-emotional well-being in the last month; however, no significant differences were found based on country and religiosity statuses. Furthermore, no significant differences were found for eating behavior changes and weight increase based on country and religiosity statuses. Conclusion: Study findings showed the impact of COVID-19 fear on the well-being of Israeli and Maltese female “help” profession undergraduate students. This study examined only female students; however, additional research is needed to address male students and their experiences. Prevention and treatment intervention measures aimed to increase resilience and decrease burnout, including those that can be made available on campus, should be thought about by university administration personnel and student association leaders in consultation with mental health professionals.

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“…However, already in Spring 2020 when school closures started, these policies raised several concerns as the e↵ectiveness of online methods in comparison to standard classroom teaching was not clear 1 . Moreover, as parents vary in their capabilities to support studying at home, school closures could potentially increase inequality across students from di↵erent socioeconomic backgrounds (Aucejo et al, 2020;Engzell et al, 2021;Rodríguez-Planas, 2022) or the evolution of the gender gaps in education (Bratti and Lippo, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%