COVID-19 and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia syndrome - association or causation?

Nasa, Prashant; Juneja, Deven; Jain, Ravi; Nasa, Ruchi

doi:10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.310

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Recent research revealed several associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and medical conditions that may lead to liver dysfunction[ 43 ]. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that there is an increased risk of decompensation and mortality in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis[ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, studies have demonstrated that there is an increased risk of decompensation and mortality in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis[ 44 ]. This can possibly be attributed to cirrhosis-related immunological modulation, insufficient physiological reserves, and an increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease[ 43 , 44 ]. The underlying mechanism of liver injury secondary to COVID-19 is multifactorial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between alcohol-associated cirrhosis and inpatient complications among COVID-19 patients: A propensity-matched analysis from the United States

Inayat,

Ali,

Patel

et al. 2023

World J Virol

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BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC) contributes to significant liver-related mortality in the United States. It is known to cause immune dysfunction and coagulation abnormalities. Patients with comorbid conditions like AC are at risk of worse clinical outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The specific association between AC and COVID-19 mortality remains inconclusive, given the lack of robust clinical evidence from prior studies. AIM To study the predictors of mortality and the outcomes of AC in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the United States. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2020. Patients were identified with primary COVID-19 hospitalizations based on an underlying diagnosis of AC. A matched comparison cohort of COVID-19 patients without AC was identified after 1:N propensity score matching based on baseline sociodemographic characteristics and Elixhauser comorbidities. Primary outcomes included median length of stay, median inpatient charges, and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included a prevalence of systemic complications. RESULTS A total of 1325 COVID-19 patients with AC were matched to 1135 patients without AC. There was no difference in median length of stay and hospital charges in COVID-19 patients with AC compared to non-AC ( P > 0.05). There was an increased prevalence of septic shock (5.7% vs 4.1%), ventricular fibrillation/ventricular flutter (0.4% vs 0%), atrial fibrillation (13.2% vs 8.8%), atrial flutter (8.7% vs 4.4%), first-degree atrioventricular nodal block (0.8% vs 0%), upper extremity venous thromboembolism (1.5% vs 0%), and variceal bleeding (3.8% vs 0%) in the AC cohort compared to the non-AC cohort ( P < 0.05). There was no difference in inpatient mortality in COVID-19 patients with non-AC compared to AC, with an odds ratio of 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.78-1.22, P = 0.85). Predictors of mortality included advanced age, cardiac arrhythmias, coagulopathy, protein-calorie malnutrition, fluid and electrolyte disorders, septic shock, and upper extremity venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSION AC does not increase mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. There is an increased association between inpatient complications among COVID-19 patients with AC compared to non-AC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between alcohol-associated cirrhosis and inpatient complications among COVID-19 patients: A propensity-matched analysis from the United States

Inayat,

Ali,

Patel

et al. 2023

World J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been rapidly spreading around the world since its emergence and is mainly transmitted by droplets and contact, leading to its strong infectivity and fast propagation speed. After people become infected with SARS-CoV-2, the S-spike protein binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 on the alveolar epithelial cell surface by mediating transmembrane serine protease 2[ 3 ], viral pneumonia occurs, and a hyperinflammatory syndrome or “cytokine storm” may develop, further leading to many complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), thromboembolic events, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Virologists assumed[ 1 ] that the virus attaches to and penetrates the hosts’ airway epithelial cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis via many mechanisms; weakens the hosts’ immune system, contributing to the proliferation, colonisation and invasive infection of opportunistic pathogens or normal respiratory flora; obstructs the innate immune response; compresses the airway mucus; and destroys the cilia, promoting virus transmission and adhesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical respiratory failure due to pregnancy complicated by COVID-19 and bacterial coinfection: A case report

Zhou¹,

Liu²,

Deng³

2023

World J Clin Cases

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide and the leading contributor to cancer-related deaths. The progression and metastasis of HCC are closely associated with altered mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial stress response. Mitokines, soluble proteins produced and secreted in response to mitochondrial stress, play an essential immunomodulatory role. Immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial treatment option for HCC. However, a positive response to therapy is typically dependent on the interaction of tumor cells with immune regulation within the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, exploring the specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of mitokines in HCC is essential for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the association between HCC and the immune microenvironment and highlights recent progress in understanding the involvement of mitochondrial function in preserving liver function. In addition, a systematic review of mitokines-mediated immunomodulation in HCC is presented. Finally, the potential diagnostic and therapeutic roles of mitokines in HCC are prospected and summarized. Recent progress in mitokine research represents a new prospect for mitochondrial therapy. Considering the potential of mitokines to regulate immune function, investigating them as a relevant molecular target holds great promise for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

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Impaired instructive and protective barrier functions of the endothelial cell glycocalyx pericellular matrix is impacted in COVID‐19 disease

Smith,

Melrose

2024

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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The aim of this study was to review the roles of endothelial cells in normal tissue function and to show how COVID‐19 disease impacts on endothelial cell properties that lead to much of its associated symptomatology. This places the endothelial cell as a prominent cell type to target therapeutically in the treatment of this disorder. Advances in glycosaminoglycan analytical techniques and functional glycomics have improved glycosaminoglycan mimetics development, providing agents that can more appropriately target various aspects of the behaviour of the endothelial cell in‐situ and have also provided polymers with potential to prevent viral infection. Thus, promising approaches are being developed to combat COVID‐19 disease and the plethora of symptoms this disease produces. Glycosaminoglycan mimetics that improve endothelial glycocalyx boundary functions have promising properties in the prevention of viral infection, improve endothelial cell function and have disease‐modifying potential. Endothelial cell integrity, forming tight junctions in cerebral cell populations in the blood–brain barrier, prevents the exposure of the central nervous system to circulating toxins and harmful chemicals, which may contribute to the troublesome brain fogging phenomena reported in cognitive processing in long COVID disease.

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COVID-19 and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia syndrome - association or causation?

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Association between alcohol-associated cirrhosis and inpatient complications among COVID-19 patients: A propensity-matched analysis from the United States

Association between alcohol-associated cirrhosis and inpatient complications among COVID-19 patients: A propensity-matched analysis from the United States

Critical respiratory failure due to pregnancy complicated by COVID-19 and bacterial coinfection: A case report

Impaired instructive and protective barrier functions of the endothelial cell glycocalyx pericellular matrix is impacted in COVID‐19 disease

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